Alterations in immune fx

Question 1

hypersensitivity

Answer 1

normal immune response that is inappropriately triggered OR
excessive OR
produces undesirable effects on body

Question 2

basic triggers

Answer 2

antigen-antibody reaction OR
specific antigen-lymphocyte infection

Question 3

type I, II, III triggers

Answer 3

controlled/mediated by ANTIBODIES produced by B cells that mature into plasma cells to produce antibodies

Question 4

Are type I II III triggers immediate or slow reaction?

Answer 4

immediate reaction

Question 5

type IV trigger

Answer 5

mediated by T cells

Question 6

is type IV trigger a delayed or immediate reaction?

Answer 6

delayed

Question 7

Type 1 IgE mediated reaction

Answer 7

response in someone developing an ALLERGY

IgE antibodies produced

anaphylaxis reaction if serious

immediate reaction (15-20 min) after second exposure

Question 8

examples of type 1 triggers

Answer 8

pets, pollen, bee stings, nuts, seafood, eggs, penicillin, contrast dye

Question 9

causes of type 1 triggers

Answer 9

proteins in environment, foods, meds
genetic link
B lymphocytes, IgE antibody, last cells

Question 10

patho of type 1

Answer 10

B cell
plasma cell + antibodies
mast cells + chem mediators

Question 11

intravascular mediators

Answer 11

anaphylactic shock

Question 12

skin mediators

Answer 12

urticana
atopic dermatitis
wheal flare reaction
angioedema

Question 13

respiratory mediators

Answer 13

rhinitis
asthma

Question 14

GI mediators

Answer 14

N/V/D
cramping

Question 15

potent vasodilation

Answer 15

stuffy nose
decreased BP
wheals on skin

Question 16

increased vascular permeability

Answer 16

edema
runny nose

Question 17

bronchial smooth muscle constriction

Answer 17

breathing probs
wheezing

Question 18

stimulates irritant receptors

Answer 18

itching (pruritis)

Question 19

atopic local reaction

Answer 19

inherited tendency to become sensitive to allergens

EX- allergic rhinitis (runny nose)
asthma
urticana (hives)

Question 20

most common triggers

Answer 20

pollen
dusts
molds
animal dander

Question 21

Anaphylaxis

Answer 21

systemic release of chem mediators
medical emergency

bronchial restriction
airway obstruction
vascular collapse

life threatening within mins

Question 22

most common triggers

Answer 22

meds
bee sting
food-nuts

Question 23

what is anaphylaxis treated with

Answer 23

antihistamines
GCC
epinephrine
wear med alert bracelet
carry emergency epi pens

Question 24

Type II cytotoxic reaction

Answer 24

wrong type of blood
exposure to antigen or foreign tissue cell on cell surface

direct destruction of targeted cells that contain antigen, cell lysis

Question 25

cells involved

Answer 25

IgG and IgM antibodies complement- fix foreign cells and lysis WBC- phagocytes clean debris

Question 26

causes of type II

Answer 26

blood transfusion reaction autoimmune conditions-hemolytic anemia, myasthenia gravis, graves’ disease newborn mother RH incompatible drug reaction

Question 27

patho of type II

Answer 27

donor A recipient B anti A and B clumping of donor cells cells burst small vessels in kidney are blocked kidney damage and decrease blood supply

Question 28

S/Sx type II

Answer 28

fever, chills, flushing increased HR decreased BP chest pain, back pain N/V headache restless, anxiety

Question 29

type III Immune Complex Reaction

Answer 29

rheumatoid arthritis blood circulates and deposits in tissue to have inflammation attach to joints, damage antibody-antigen COMPLEX

Question 30

cells involved

Answer 30

IgG and IgM localized or systemic complement-inflammation neutrophils and mast cells-release toxins and release chem mediators of tissue destruction

Question 31

causes of type III

Answer 31

autoimmune attack low grade infection inhaled antigens from mold or contaminated plants

Question 32

offending antigens

Answer 32

own body’s tissue/DNA antigens from mold or plants bacteria or viruses

Question 33

patho for type III

Answer 33

complex deposits in tissue complement-chemo attraction of neutrophils FC receptor release of enzymes and free radicals for tissue destruction

Question 34

S/Sx type III

Answer 34

depends on site joint-RA kidney-glomerulonephritis skin/organs-lupus

Question 35

type IV delayed hypersensitivity

Answer 35

T cells, cytokines, mast cells and macrophages delayed response to an antigen from first encounter

Question 36

type IV triggers

Answer 36

plant oil- poison ivy + TB skin jelly fish sting allergic reaction to jewelry- nickel Crohn’s disease cosmetics, clothing, dyes, adhesives gluten

Question 37

patho of type IV

Answer 37

hapten penetrates skin with human protein (complete antigen) T cells become aware of antigen T cells attack by releasing cytokines (inflammation) and macrophages

Question 38

hapten

Answer 38

small, incomplete antigen

Question 39

T cells

Answer 39

direct, cytotoxic CD8 cells helper T cells, CD4 cells

Question 40

S/Sx type IV

Answer 40

peak 48-72 hours contact dermatitis- redness, edema, itching, blisters TB hypersensitivity-redness, induration, inflammation

Question 41

Immunosuppressants

Answer 41

suppresses cell-mediated immunity anti inflammation

Question 42

Antihistamines

Answer 42

decreases symptoms suppress histamine mediator activity

Question 43

epinephrine

Answer 43

halts mediator activity in mast cells only in anaphylaxis