Vision problems

Question 1

cataract

Answer 1

cloudy lens, scatters light
painless, blurry vision

Question 2

is cataracts a gradual or sudden onset?

Answer 2

gradual onset

Question 3

if cataracts are left untreated?

Answer 3

blindness

Question 4

risk factors of cataracts

Answer 4

older age
eye trauma
congenital risk
Diabetes
Corticosteroid use
Smoking, alcohol consumption

Question 5

S/Sx cataracts

Answer 5

painless
Unilateral or bilateral
Blurry vision, halo around lights
Altered color perceptions
glare issues at night
Decreased accommodation

Question 6

Treatment for cataracts

Answer 6

Surgery

Question 7

Diabetic retinopathy

Answer 7

Increases over the age of 40 with diabetes

Question 8

Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy

Answer 8

capillary micro-aneurysms
retinal swelling
Hard exudate
Macular, edema; plasma leaks from macular blood vessels
Capillaries rupture, dot or blot hemorrhaging

Question 9

proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Answer 9

Advanced retinopathy
New blood vessels are fragile and leaky

Question 10

Hypertensive retinopathy cause

Answer 10

increased blood pressure
Blockages in retinal blood vessels
Initially, no vision change

Question 11

Severe hypotension can lead to?

Answer 11

Sudden vision loss, due to swelling of optic disc and nerve

Question 12

Treatment for hypertension retinopathy

Answer 12

treat and control the disease
Follow up with retinologist more frequently
Normal vision restored with hypertension treatment

Question 13

retinal detachment

Answer 13

Retina has tear or leak
Vitreous humor, fluid followers behind the retina

Question 14

risk factors for retinal detachment

Answer 14

Usually spontaneous
More likely in people with myopia (can’t see far)
Over 40 years old
Trauma to the head
eye tumors
History/complication of cataract surgery

Question 15

S/Sx retinal detachment

Answer 15

Sudden
Unilateral vision loss
Painless
May see floaters
Flashes of light

Question 16

Macular degeneration

Answer 16

Most common cause of irreversible vision loss in people over 60 in the US

Question 17

Dry (non-exudative)

Answer 17

Most common, 90%
Yellow deposits, in retinal pigment epithelium

Question 18

Wet (exudative)

Answer 18

less common, only 10%
Growth of New blood vessels in an abnormal location of retina

Question 19

Causes of macular degeneration

Answer 19

Retinal aging

Question 20

Risk factors for macular degeneration

Answer 20

Family Hx
Genetics
UV light (pilots, flight attendants)
Hyperopia (can’t see close)
Smoking
Light colored eyes

Question 21

what is protective against macular degeneration?

Answer 21

Dark, leafy vegetables

Question 22

early s/sx of macular degeneration

Answer 22

None

Question 23

late s/sx of macular degeneration

Answer 23

blurred vision
Blindspot’s
Distorted vision

Question 24

Another word for Blindspot’s

Answer 24

Scotomas

Question 25

Another word for distorted vision

Answer 25

metamorphopsia

Question 26

does vision improve in macular degeneration?

Answer 26

No, Limited treatment

Question 27

glaucoma

Answer 27

Elevated intraocular pressure with vision changes or optic nerve damage

Question 28

is glaucoma chronic or acute?

Answer 28

chronic condition Both eyes affected

Question 29

Open angle glaucoma

Answer 29

Can have some flow through the eyes

Question 30

risk factors for open angle glaucoma

Answer 30

Elevated intraocular pressure Older age African-Americans (3-4x) Family history Myopia Diabetes, hypertension, migraines

Question 31

Patho of glaucoma

Answer 31

Abnormal trabecular meshwork Reduced drainage into canal of schlemm Results in increased intraocular pressure in vision problems

Question 32

S/Sx open angled glaucoma

Answer 32

initially, no vision changes Progressive loss of sight vague eye pain halos around lights Tunnel vision

Question 33

Close angled glaucoma

Answer 33

much less common Abnormal angle between iris in later cornea Outflow is blocked when people is dilated

Question 34

other ways to say close angle glaucoma

Answer 34

Acute angle closure glaucoma Narrow angle glaucoma

Question 35

Risk factors for close angle glaucoma

Answer 35

asian-Americans Females Hyperopia Family history Older age

Question 36

is closed angle glaucoma, an emergency?

Answer 36

yes, outcome is based on time from onset to treatment

Question 37

what can trigger close angle glaucoma?

Answer 37

Anticholinergic drugs

Question 38

S/sx close angle glaucoma

Answer 38

Typically unilateral, other, eye at risk Severe eye pain N/V blurry vision, halos Red eyes Dilated pupils, non-reactive to light Cloudy cornea

Question 39

how does glaucoma affect blindness?

Answer 39

Due to increased intraocular pressure More pressure on inner eye structures Decrease blood flow to optic nerve Nerve fiber death

Question 40

what is the treatment for acute angle crisis?

Answer 40

Surgery

Question 41

should you keep optic topical agents localized, or spread around?

Answer 41

Localized

Question 42

what pressure should you use with installation?

Answer 42

Nasolacrimal pressure, hold for 2 minutes

Question 43

Ménière’s disease

Answer 43

Endolymphatic hydrops Episodic disorder of middle ear Can be unilateral or bilateral Excessive endolymph and pressures in membranes Disrupts, vestibular, balance, and hearing function

Question 44

S/Sx Ménière’s disease

Answer 44

recurring episodes of vertigo N/V Hearing loss Ringing in ears – tinnitus Feeling of fullness

Question 45

treatment for Ménière’s disease

Answer 45

Symptomatic Changes in diet, salt restriction Treat stress Drugs to help with dizziness

Question 46

Who is Ménière’s disease most common in?

Answer 46

20-40 years

Question 47

what part of the ear is infected in Ménière’s disease

Answer 47

Middle ear