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NUR 325 > Complete Blood Count > Flashcards

Complete Blood Count Flashcards

1
Q

Red blood cells

A

erythrocytes

most abundant in blood

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2
Q

Do men or women have more RBCs?

A

men

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3
Q

Hematocrit

A

% of RBC in blood

normal: 4.2-6.2 mil/mm3

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4
Q

What is the function of hemoglobin?

A

tissue oxygenation carrier

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5
Q

White blood cells

A

leukocytes

immune function

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6
Q

WBCs

A

neutrophils
lymphocytes
monocytes
eosinophils
basophils

“never let monkeys eat bananas”

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7
Q

Granulocytes

A

WBC with granuoles with nucleus

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

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8
Q

Agranulocytes

A

no release of granuoles

lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages

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9
Q

Neutrophils

A

first to arrive at site of inflammation

increase with acute bacterial infections and trauma

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10
Q

Which side do neutrophils shift to?

A

left, increased bands

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11
Q

What is the difference between bands and segments?

A

bands are immature, segs are mature

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12
Q

Lymphocytes

A

primary cells with immune response
increase with chronic bacterial infection and acute viral infection

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13
Q

What cells are involved in the immune response?

A

T and B cells: memory cells

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14
Q

Monocytes

A

potent phagocytosis cells
increase with bacterial infections and increase in cancer

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15
Q

Eosinophils

A

increase with allergic reactions or parasitic infections

worms, wheezes, weird diseases

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16
Q

Basophils

A

increase with allergic reactions, hypersensitivities and inflammatory reactions

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17
Q

Normal hemoglobin levels

A

women: 12-15.5
men: 13.5-17.5

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18
Q

What are low levels of hemoglobin due to?

A

bleeding, folate/B12 deficiency, cancers, kidney and liver disease

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19
Q

What are high levels of hemoglobin due to?

A

smoking, high altitude, COPD, polycythemia

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20
Q

Normal hematocrit levels

A

women: 36-44%
men: 41-50%

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21
Q

What are low levels of hematocrit due to?

A

anemia, bleeding disorders, fluid imbalances

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22
Q

What are high levels of hematocrit due to?

A

polycythemia, COPD, dehydrated, shock, congenital heart failure

23
Q

Hematocrit relationship

A

%=mL in 100 mL of blood

24
Q

WBC total count

A

normal: 5,000-10,000 mm3

degree of immune response

25
Q

What is it called when WBCs are increased?

A

leukocytosis

26
Q

What is it called when WBCs are decreased?

A

leukopenia

27
Q

WBC with Diff

A

determination of proportion of each 5 WBCs in a sample of 100 WBCs

28
Q

If the absolute number of a WBC changes, does the % of it in the total change?

A

no

29
Q

Leukopenia

A

decreased WBC, <5,000

susceptible to bacteria infection

most often in cancer patients

30
Q

What precautions should patients with leukopenia take?

A

good hygiene
avoid contact with other sick people
avoid raw fruits, veggies and grains
keep door closed in hospital

31
Q

Infectious Mononucleosis

A

too many lymphocytes
infection of B lymphocytes
caused by Epstein Barr virus

32
Q

Who is mono most common in?

A

adolescents and young adults

33
Q

What is the main transmission mode for mono?

A

saliva contamination

34
Q

What is the onset of mono?

A

incubation 4-8 weeks
acute phase 2-3 weeks
lethargy 2-3 months

35
Q

S/Sx of mono

A

swollen lymph nodes neck and armpits

swollen spleen and liver

fever, body aches, fatigue

36
Q

Myelodysplastic syndrome

A

change in quality and quantity of bone marrow elements

unknown cause

37
Q

Who is Myelodysplastic syndrome most common in?

A

elderly >65 years

38
Q

How is Myelodysplastic syndrome diagnosed?

A

labs, bone marrow biopsy

39
Q

How is Myelodysplastic syndrome treated?

A

depends on severity
granulocyte colony stimulating factor
chemo
bone marrow transplant

40
Q

Leukemia

A

WBC immature and undifferentiated
rapid proliferation in bone marrow

affects children and adults

cause is unknown

41
Q

Who does acute lymphocytic leukemia affect most?

A

children

refuse to walk

sudden, stormy onset

42
Q

Who does chronic lymphocytic leukemia affect most?

A

elderly

insidious onset, not quick

discovered by medical exam for blood count

43
Q

Treatment for leukemia

A

attain remission
stem cell transplants
bone marrow transplants
cytotoxic chemo

44
Q

S/Sx of leukemia

A

fatigue
weight loss
sweating
bleeding
anorexia

45
Q

Hodgkin’s disease

A

malignant neoplasm
painless, progressive, rubbery enlargement of a single or group of nodes in neck

*Reed Stenberg tumor cells

cause is unknown

46
Q

Is the spread predictable or unpredictable for Hodgkin’s disease?

A

predictable

47
Q

Onset of Hodgkin’s disease

A

slow, good prognosis

48
Q

Non Hodgkin’s disease

A

neoplastic malignancy

spreads in liver, spleen, bone marrow

painless extranodal symptoms

49
Q

Is the spread predictable or unpredictable for Non Hodgkin’s disease?

A

less predictable

50
Q

Who is Non Hodgkin’s disease common in?

A

elderly

51
Q

Multiple myeloma

A

plasma cell cancer
malignant B cells

leads to bone destruction

unknown cause

52
Q

What is multiple myeloma characterized by?

A

bone fractures/pain

53
Q

Who is multiple myeloma common in?

A

men over 65 years
african americans

54
Q

How is multiple myeloma diagnosed?

A

labs
radiography
bone marrow exam
M protein
Bence Jones protein in urine
elevated Cr serum levels

NUR 325 (14 decks)

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