Complete Blood Count

Question 1

Red blood cells

Answer 1

erythrocytes

most abundant in blood

Question 2

Do men or women have more RBCs?

Answer 2

men

Question 3

Hematocrit

Answer 3

% of RBC in blood

normal: 4.2-6.2 mil/mm3

Question 4

What is the function of hemoglobin?

Answer 4

tissue oxygenation carrier

Question 5

White blood cells

Answer 5

leukocytes

immune function

Question 6

WBCs

Answer 6

neutrophils
lymphocytes
monocytes
eosinophils
basophils

“never let monkeys eat bananas”

Question 7

Granulocytes

Answer 7

WBC with granuoles with nucleus

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

Question 8

Agranulocytes

Answer 8

no release of granuoles

lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages

Question 9

Neutrophils

Answer 9

first to arrive at site of inflammation

increase with acute bacterial infections and trauma

Question 10

Which side do neutrophils shift to?

Answer 10

left, increased bands

Question 11

What is the difference between bands and segments?

Answer 11

bands are immature, segs are mature

Question 12

Lymphocytes

Answer 12

primary cells with immune response
increase with chronic bacterial infection and acute viral infection

Question 13

What cells are involved in the immune response?

Answer 13

T and B cells: memory cells

Question 14

Monocytes

Answer 14

potent phagocytosis cells
increase with bacterial infections and increase in cancer

Question 15

Eosinophils

Answer 15

increase with allergic reactions or parasitic infections

worms, wheezes, weird diseases

Question 16

Basophils

Answer 16

increase with allergic reactions, hypersensitivities and inflammatory reactions

Question 17

Normal hemoglobin levels

Answer 17

women: 12-15.5
men: 13.5-17.5

Question 18

What are low levels of hemoglobin due to?

Answer 18

bleeding, folate/B12 deficiency, cancers, kidney and liver disease

Question 19

What are high levels of hemoglobin due to?

Answer 19

smoking, high altitude, COPD, polycythemia

Question 20

Normal hematocrit levels

Answer 20

women: 36-44%
men: 41-50%

Question 21

What are low levels of hematocrit due to?

Answer 21

anemia, bleeding disorders, fluid imbalances

Question 22

What are high levels of hematocrit due to?

Answer 22

polycythemia, COPD, dehydrated, shock, congenital heart failure

Question 23

Hematocrit relationship

Answer 23

%=mL in 100 mL of blood

Question 24

WBC total count

Answer 24

normal: 5,000-10,000 mm3

degree of immune response

Question 25

What is it called when WBCs are increased?

Answer 25

leukocytosis

Question 26

What is it called when WBCs are decreased?

Answer 26

leukopenia

Question 27

WBC with Diff

Answer 27

determination of proportion of each 5 WBCs in a sample of 100 WBCs

Question 28

If the absolute number of a WBC changes, does the % of it in the total change?

Answer 28

no

Question 29

Leukopenia

Answer 29

decreased WBC, <5,000 susceptible to bacteria infection most often in cancer patients

Question 30

What precautions should patients with leukopenia take?

Answer 30

good hygiene avoid contact with other sick people avoid raw fruits, veggies and grains keep door closed in hospital

Question 31

Infectious Mononucleosis

Answer 31

too many lymphocytes infection of B lymphocytes caused by Epstein Barr virus

Question 32

Who is mono most common in?

Answer 32

adolescents and young adults

Question 33

What is the main transmission mode for mono?

Answer 33

saliva contamination

Question 34

What is the onset of mono?

Answer 34

incubation 4-8 weeks acute phase 2-3 weeks lethargy 2-3 months

Question 35

S/Sx of mono

Answer 35

swollen lymph nodes neck and armpits swollen spleen and liver fever, body aches, fatigue

Question 36

Myelodysplastic syndrome

Answer 36

change in quality and quantity of bone marrow elements unknown cause

Question 37

Who is Myelodysplastic syndrome most common in?

Answer 37

elderly >65 years

Question 38

How is Myelodysplastic syndrome diagnosed?

Answer 38

labs, bone marrow biopsy

Question 39

How is Myelodysplastic syndrome treated?

Answer 39

depends on severity granulocyte colony stimulating factor chemo bone marrow transplant

Question 40

Leukemia

Answer 40

WBC immature and undifferentiated rapid proliferation in bone marrow affects children and adults cause is unknown

Question 41

Who does acute lymphocytic leukemia affect most?

Answer 41

children refuse to walk sudden, stormy onset

Question 42

Who does chronic lymphocytic leukemia affect most?

Answer 42

elderly insidious onset, not quick discovered by medical exam for blood count

Question 43

Treatment for leukemia

Answer 43

attain remission stem cell transplants bone marrow transplants cytotoxic chemo

Question 44

S/Sx of leukemia

Answer 44

fatigue weight loss sweating bleeding anorexia

Question 45

Hodgkin’s disease

Answer 45

malignant neoplasm painless, progressive, rubbery enlargement of a single or group of nodes in neck *Reed Stenberg tumor cells cause is unknown

Question 46

Is the spread predictable or unpredictable for Hodgkin’s disease?

Answer 46

predictable

Question 47

Onset of Hodgkin’s disease

Answer 47

slow, good prognosis

Question 48

Non Hodgkin’s disease

Answer 48

neoplastic malignancy spreads in liver, spleen, bone marrow painless extranodal symptoms

Question 49

Is the spread predictable or unpredictable for Non Hodgkin’s disease?

Answer 49

less predictable

Question 50

Who is Non Hodgkin’s disease common in?

Answer 50

elderly

Question 51

Multiple myeloma

Answer 51

plasma cell cancer malignant B cells leads to bone destruction unknown cause

Question 52

What is multiple myeloma characterized by?

Answer 52

bone fractures/pain

Question 53

Who is multiple myeloma common in?

Answer 53

men over 65 years african americans

Question 54

How is multiple myeloma diagnosed?

Answer 54

labs radiography bone marrow exam M protein Bence Jones protein in urine elevated Cr serum levels