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NUR 325 > Fluids & Electrolytes > Flashcards

Fluids & Electrolytes Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

Body fluid function

A

transports nutrients and waste to ans from cells

acts as solvent

maintains body temp, digestion, elimination, acid-base balance and lubrication of joints

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2
Q

Fluid

A

WATER that contains dissolved or suspended substances

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3
Q

Intracellular

A

inside cell

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4
Q

Extracellular

A

outside cell

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5
Q

Intravasvular fluid

A

plasma in blood

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6
Q

Interstitial fluid

A

fluid between cells

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7
Q

Osmosis

A

movement of water down concentration gradient

low to high solute by semipermeable membrane

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8
Q

Diffusion

A

movement of molecules from high to low concentration gradient

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9
Q

Colloid function

A

moves fluid from in between cells to blood

interstitial to intravascular

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10
Q

What labs are used to measure total protein levels?

A

albumin
globulin
fibrinogen

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11
Q

What trend does osmotic pressure have with age?

A

decreases with age and malnutrition

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12
Q

hydrostatic pressure

A

force of fluid pushing AGAINST cell membrane or vessel wall

pushing fluid OUT of capillary

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13
Q

What is hydrostatic pressure generated by?

A

blood pressure

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14
Q

Oncotic pressure

A

pulls fluid INTO capillary

caused by plasma colloids in solution

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15
Q

Electrolyte

A

substances that are electrically charged within a solution

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16
Q

What does electrolyte concentration depend on?

A

electrolyte intake, absorption, distribution, and excretion

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17
Q

Anions

A

Cl
Bicarb
P

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18
Q

Cations

A

K
Na
Ca
Mg

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19
Q

Intracellular ions

A

K
Mg
P

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20
Q

Extracellular ions

A

Na
Cl
Bicarb

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21
Q

Normal Sodium lab levels

A

136-145 meq/L

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22
Q

Normal Potassium lab level

A

3.5-5.0 meq/L

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23
Q

Normal magnesium lab level

A

1.7-2.2 mg/dL

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24
Q

Normal calcium lab level

A

9-11 mg/dL

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25
Normal phosphate lab level
3.2-4.3 mg/dL
26
Water follows ___
salt salt sucks
27
Hyponatremia
low sodium <136
28
Hypernatremia
high sodium >145
29
Sodium function
activates nerve and muscle cells for ion movement for action potential
30
Causes of hyponatremia
GI losses-diarrhea, vomit, NG suction, fistulas Renal losses-diuretics, adrenal insufficiency Skin losses-wounds drainage, burns Fasting diets-polydipsia Excess hypotonic fluid
31
S/Sx of hyponatremia
confusion altered LOC anorexia muscle weakness seizures/coma
32
Dilutional hyponatremia
too much fluid- hypervolemia increased BP weight gain bounding rapid pulse
33
Depletional hyponatremia
not enough fluid-hypovolemia decreased BP tachycardia dry skin weight loss
34
Hyponatremia treatment
IV normal saline oral or IV (slow) fluid restriction
35
Causes of Hypernatremia
IV fluids tube feedings excess sodium intake not enough water diarrhea heat stroke profound diuresis
36
S/Sx of hypernatremia
altered LOC confusion seizure/coma extreme thirst (hyperosmolality) dry, sticky mucous muscle cramps
37
Hypernatremia Treatment
if water loss- add water and fluid if sodium excess- remove sodium over 48 hours slow
38
Hypokalemia
low potassium - <3.5
39
Hyperkalemia
high potassium - >5.0
40
Potassium Function
helps regulate cell excitability and electrical status
41
What is the main source of potassium?
our diet
42
What is the main source of potassium loss?
Kidneys
43
Causes of hypokalemia
renal or GI losses diarrhea diuresis** acid base disorders
44
S/Sx of hypokalemia
cardiac rhythm disturbances muscle weakness legs cramps decreased bowel motility
45
Do we ever IV push potassium?
never
46
Causes of hyperkalemia
decreased potassium output (renal failure-not peeing) burns, crash injuries, sepsis drugs-potassium sparing diuretics (ACE, ARBs, NSAIDs)
47
S/Sx of hyperkalemia
cardiac rhythm disturbances muscle weakness, cramps abdominal cramping D/V
48
Magnesium function
helps stabilize cardiac and smooth muscles
49
Causes of hypomagnesemia
diuresis GI or renal losses limited intake-fasting/ starvation alcohol abuse hyperglycemia pancreatitis
50
S/Sx of hypomagnesemia
hyperactive reflexes confusion cramps tremors seizures nystagmus
51
Causes of Hypermagnesemia
increased intake of magnesium with renal failure precamplsia - OB patients
52
S/Sx of hypermagnesemia
lethargy floppiness muscle weakness decreased reflexes warm temp decreased pulse and BP
53
Calcium function
stability and strength in bones contraction of smooth, cardiac and skeletal muscles nerve and muscle cells
54
Causes of Hypocalcemia
hypoparathyroidism hypomagnesemia increased renal failure acute pancreatitis thyroid and parathyroid surgery
55
Parasthesia
numbness, tingling
56
S/Sx of hypocalcemia
Chrosteks- twitching of cheek Trousseaus-carpal spasm in hand
57
Causes of hypercalcemia
hyperparathyroidism cancers
58
S/Sx hypercalcemia
sedation fatigue lethargy confusion weakness kidney stones
59
Hypercalcemia Treatment
adequate hydration increased urine output diuretics and NaCl dialysis
60
What relationship does calcium and phosphorous have?
indirect: as Ca lowers, P increases as P lowers, Ca increased
61
Phosphorous function
bone formation essential for ATP formation and enzymes
62
Causes of hypophospatemia
decreased absorption oh phosphate antacids overdose severe diarrhea increased kidney elimination malnutrition alcoholism
63
S/Sx hypophosphatemia
tremors parasthesias confusion seizure muscle weakness joint stiffness bone pain
64
Causes of hyperphospatemia
kidney failure laxatives heat stroke, massive trauma hypoparathyroidism
65
S/Sx of hyperphospatemia
usually asymptomatic muscle spasms, parasthesia, tetany
66
Hypophospatemia treatment
IV or oral replacement
67
Hyperphospatemia treatment
treat cause hemodialysis for renal failure
68
Hypocalcemia Treatment
IV calcium calcium chloride calcium gluconate oral calcium

NUR 325 (14 decks)

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