Altered immunity review Flashcards
First line of defense
Non specific immunity - physical, mechanical, and biochemical barriers (normal flora, secretions, etc)
2nd line of defense
Inflammatory response to injury, infection - increased capillary permeability, pain, vasodilation, increased chemical mediators
components of inflammatory response
Plasma protein systems (complement, clotting, kinin)
complement system
Can destroy bacteria directly and activate other components of inflammatory responses
site of mast cells
Found in connective tissues; release biochemical mediators (histamine, bradykinin, cytokines, etc)
Inflammatory mediators
Histamine, bradykinin, prostaglandins
lymphatic system
Body-wide immune system (thymus, spleen, nodes, tonsils); circulates lymphocytes, B and T cells
anaphylaxis
Systemic, massive response to allergen, leads to third spacing, which leads to laryngeal edema, hypovolemia, shock
systemic signs of infection
Fever, leukocytosis (shift to the left), increased chemotaxis
cytokines
Produced by macrophages and lymphocytes in response to microorganisms or inflammatory products
coagulation system
Stops bleedings, prevents infection, base for healing
antibodies
Immunoglobulins that are specific to an organisms
leukocytosis
Increased WBCs (mainly neutrophils) with shift to the left
allergy; autoimmunity; alloimmunity
environment, self, foreign tissue
autoimmune diseases
DM1, etc
Type 1: IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions
Most common allergies (hay fever, food, etc)
Exudative fluids
Serous (early infection), fibrinous, purulent (bacterial), hemorrhagic
more than half of healthcare associated infections occur
outside of the ICU
Most healthcare associated infections can be
prevented
health care worker exposure to blood and body fluids requires assessment for prophylaxis within
72 hours
Patient with TB are considered non-infective if they’ve had 3
consecutive negative samples daily
virulence
potency which is measured by how much toxin or how many microbes are need to kill the host
assessment for sepsis
SBP less than 100
RR more than 22
change in mental status
