CNS

Question 1

Meniere’s disease

Answer 1

Vestibular proprioception dysfunction; S and S- vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus, NV

Question 2

Basilar skull fracture

Answer 2

Characterized by periorbital ecchymosis, CSF leaks from the nose or ears, or Battle sign. This puts you at risk for infection and bleeding

Question 3

CVAs

Answer 3

Ischemic or hemorrhagic; SAH leads to meningeal signs

Question 4

Spinal shock (loss of SNS)

Answer 4

characterized by decreased BP, decreased HR, loss of muscle tone below level of injury

Question 5

Autonomic dysreflexia

Answer 5

Can be triggered in paraplegics by foley, pain, fecal impaction. It leads to skyrocketing BP, which can then lead to CVA

Question 6

Multiple sclerosis

Answer 6

Autoimmune demyelinating CNS disease

Question 7

Guillain-Barre

Answer 7

Ascending demyelination of peripheral nerves which leads to weakness, paraylsis, apnea

Question 8

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Answer 8

Upper and lower motor neuron degeneration, which leads to paralysis, death

Question 9

Astrocytomas

Answer 9

Most common (50%) CNS tumor

Question 10

Cerebral perfusion pressure

Answer 10

BP to brain tissue (norm is 70)

Question 11

Increased ICP (more than 20) causes: edema, hemorrhage, tumors, increased CSF

Answer 11

Prevent coughing, vomiting, gagging, etc

Question 12

Myasthenia Gravis

Answer 12

Autoimmune disease (AB against acetylcholine receptors) leads to screen: Tensilon test

Question 13

Parkinson’s symptoms

Answer 13

Resting tremors, flattened affect, shuffling gait

Question 14

Agnosia

Answer 14

Loss of comprehension of sensory stimuli

Question 15

Epidural hematoma

Answer 15

Extradural arterial bleeding, waxing and waning after initial consciousness

Question 16

Elderly leads to Presbycusis/age-related macular degeneration

Answer 16

Common causes - loss of hearing/sight

Question 17

Concussion

Answer 17

Characterized by retrograde amnesia