CV review

Question 1

increased Afterload

Answer 1

Arterial vasoconstriction (increased SVR) leads to increased LV work)

Question 2

aortic aneurysm

Answer 2

Widened mediastinum, chest pain, dysphagia

Question 3

TEE

Answer 3

Used to review ventricle/valve function; mural thrombi

Question 4

CPK-MB and Troponin

Answer 4

Cardiac isoenzymes; released with muscle cell death

Question 5

Cor Pulmonale; PND

Answer 5

RV disease due to pulmonary HTN; dyspnea at night

Question 6

Raynaud’s disease

Answer 6

Peripheral vasoconstrictive (vasospasm) disease

Question 7

Tachycardias

Answer 7

Decreases coronary artery (distolic) filling time

Question 8

silent ischemia

Answer 8

More common in DM, women, old people

Question 9

Prinzmetal (variant) angina

Answer 9

Coronary artery vasospasm

Question 10

Unstable angina

Answer 10

Not brought on by exertion or relieved by rest

Question 11

six clinical dysrhythmias

Answer 11

Brady, SVT, VT, VF, Asystole, PEA

Question 12

chronic hypertension

Answer 12

Results in end-organ damage (kidney, PVD, etc)

Question 13

decreased ejection fraction

Answer 13

% ventricular emptying with systole

Question 14

pericardial effusion/tamponade

Answer 14

Distended neck veins, distant heart sounds, decreased BP, shock

Question 15

STEMI

Answer 15

Indicates ischemia of entire thickness of LV at the site indicated by the EKG lead; reversible with timely tx

Question 16

Aortic regurgitation

Answer 16

widening pulse pressure, bounding pulses, pain

Question 17

signs and symptoms of LV failure

Answer 17

Rales, dyspnea, S and S of inadequate perfusion, PND

Question 18

Causes of SNS (adrenergic system) response

Answer 18

Hypoxia, decreased BP, hypovolemia, V-Q mismatch, lactic/keto acidosis, pain, fear

Question 19

Complications of AFib

Answer 19

Mural thrombi leading to emboli; decreased cardiac output

Question 20

BNP, C-Reactive protein

Answer 20

Increased in CHF, increased with atherosclerotic plaque