cellular review

Question 1

serum osmolarity (concentration)

Answer 1

280-294

Question 2

edema

Answer 2

accumulation of fluid interstitially (at expense of vascular system when occurs acutely)

Question 3

cell membrane

Answer 3

Semi-permeable (H2O and electrolytes) except when injured

Question 4

mediated transport

Answer 4

Transport mediated by secreted molecules (hormones, neurotransmitters, etc)

Question 5

histamine and bradykinin

Answer 5

Released with injury

Question 6

body fluids

Answer 6

intra and extracellular - contain electrolytes and non-electrolytes (glucose, CO2, urea, etc)

Question 7

sodium pump

Answer 7

Repolarizes cell by moving Na back out of cell (inside is relatively negative) allowing K in

Question 8

diffusion

Answer 8

Movement of solutes from greater concentration to less concentration

Question 9

osmosis

Answer 9

Movement of water to greater concentration gradient

Question 10

depolarization

Answer 10

results in cell contraction

Question 11

hydrostatic pressure

Answer 11

Blood pressure against semi-permeable vascular walls - force causing fluids to move out

Question 12

byproduct of anaerobic metabolism

Answer 12

lactic acid (sensed by chemoreceptors)

Question 13

plasma oncotic/osmotic pressure

Answer 13

Exerts pull on fluid to keep it inside vascular systems

Question 14

hypotonic

Answer 14

osmolarity less than 280

Question 15

hypertonic

Answer 15

osmolarity greater 295

Question 16

dehydrated

Answer 16

hyperosmolar (hemoconcentrated - dehydrated)

Question 17

fluid overload

Answer 17

Hypo-osmolar state (hemodiluted)

Question 18

lymphatic system prevents edema by

Answer 18

removing excess fluid from interstitial spaces and returning to vascular system via thoracic and right lymphatic ducts

Question 19

osmoreceptors

Answer 19

respond to changes in serum osmolarity by increasing ADH and increasing thirst

Question 20

chemoreceptors

Answer 20

responds to changes in pH, CO2, O2

Question 21

sodium balance; water balance

Answer 21

sodium balance maintained by aldosterone (adrenal cortex); water balance maintained by ADH

Question 22

causes of hyperventalation

Answer 22

decrease O2, increased pCO2, fever, pain, anxiety

Question 23

metabolic acidosis

Answer 23

results from anerobic metabolism (hypoxia, acid production)

Question 24

result of hypoventilation

Answer 24

Respiratory acidosis (increased pCO2)

Question 25

response to cell injury

Answer 25

histamine and bradykinin causes 3rd spacing (increased capillary permeability and vasodilation)

Question 26

purpose of edema formation

Answer 26

Protection from foreign substances, allows for neutrophils, lymphocytes and macrophages at the site of injury

Question 27

response to increased serum osmolarity

Answer 27

Kidney reabsorption of water

Question 28

baroreceptors

Answer 28

Respond to drop in blood pressure by stimulating the SNS

Question 29

lungs and kidneys

Answer 29

Excrete or retain to maintain pH (lungs - CO2 and kidneys - H+ or HCO3)

Question 30

potassium; sodium

Answer 30

Major intracellular and extracellular ions