Anaesthetics Tutorial Flashcards Preview

Jason's MD2 Surgery Rotation > Anaesthetics Tutorial > Flashcards

Flashcards in Anaesthetics Tutorial Deck (36)
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1
Q

How long to fast for?

A

6hours

clear fluids

2
Q

crico pressure for what?

A

may occlude oesphagus

3
Q

why paralyze and muscle relaxants?

A

ease of intubation

for delicate procedures like neurosurg

4
Q

Aiway assessment?

A
Dentition: crowding
Open mouth: 3 cm needed
Mandibular protrusion
Mallenpatti
thyromental junction
5
Q

desirables in Anaesthesia

A
asleep
amnesia
analgesia
wakeful (day of surgery,  neurosurg)
anxiolysis
muscle relaxation
less PONV
airway
aspiration risk
temperature mx
6
Q

advantage of plexus and nerve blocks to general?

A

post-operative analgesia

7
Q

to kinds of neuraxial blocks?

A

spinal

epidural

8
Q

where does a spinal block go?

A

sub-arachnoid space

9
Q

epidural get good coverage?

A

Nope: about 3-4 above and below

10
Q

how much fluid needed for spinal block?

A

only 2-3 mls because it circulates in the CSF

11
Q

how much fluid needed for epidural block?

A

10-15ml to get appropriate spread

12
Q

why epidural for labour?

A

duration is longer due to infusion

post-op analgesia

13
Q

what kind of block for caeserian section?

A

spinal usually

14
Q

3 things to achieve General Anaesthesia?

A

hypnosis
analgesia
muscle relaxation

15
Q

2 kinds of general anaesthesia?

A
  1. spontaneous ventilation

2. muscle relaxation (absolute - including diaphragm)

16
Q

what kind of airway device for spontaneously ventilation?

A

laryngeal mask

17
Q

what kind of airway device for muscle relaxant GA?

A

intubation

18
Q

why a cuff for the intubation?

A

prevent aspiration

19
Q

who is at risk for aspiration in anaesthesia?

A

non-fasting
trauma/emerg
GORD
preg for >20 weeks to >6weeks post partum

20
Q

why preg increase GORD?

A

increased intrabdominal pressure

progesterone relaxes esophageal sphincter

21
Q

3 phases of anaesthesia:

A

Induction
maintenance
reversal/emergence

22
Q

drugs for induction?

A

propofol
benzos: midazolan
fentanyl

23
Q

drugs for maintenance?

A

sevofluorane

morphine for analgesia

24
Q

fentanyl for what in induction?

A

ablate the sympathetic response for intubation process

25
Q

sevoflurane, isofluorane, desfluorane is what?

A

inhaled gas

26
Q

green dream/green whistle is what analgesia?

A

penthane

27
Q

who gets propofol infusion for maintenance?

A

PONV strong history

neurosurg

28
Q

TIVA is what?

A

total intravenous analgesia

29
Q

paralyzing agents?

A

Rocuronium
veccuronium
atracurium
suxamathonium

30
Q

Non depolarizing muscle relaxants work how? how long do they work for?

A

competitive antagonist to the muscle side receptor

works for 3-45 mins

31
Q

what to use to reverse muscle paralysis?

A

acetyl choline esterase inhibitor

neostigmine

32
Q

neostigmine side effects?

A

bradycardia

33
Q

antimuscarinic for reversal?

A

glycopyrorate

34
Q

how to prevent bradycardia in reversal after neostigmine admin?

A

give antimuscarinic

35
Q

suxamethasone lasts how long?

A

1-3 minutes

rapid sequence induction (RSI)

36
Q

ketamine is what? when used? where used?

A

dissociative drug
preserves some airway reflexes
used in developing countries, low resource settings

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