Anatomy 2

Question 1

A fibroserous sae enclosing the heart and the roots of the great vessels

Answer 1

Pericardium

Question 2

Pericardium lies within

Answer 2

the middle of the mediastinum, posterior to the body of sternum and anterior to the 5th and 8th thoracic vertebrae.

Question 3

The pericardium is composed of 2 layers

Answer 3

1) Fibrous Pericardium
2) Serous Pericardium

Question 4

The serous pericardium is also composed
of 2 layers

Answer 4

1) Parietal Layer
2) Visceral Layer

Question 5

Functions of the Pericardium ‘

Answer 5

1) Fixes the heart in the mediastinum and limits its motion
2) Prevents overfilling of the heart
3) Lubrication
4) Protection from infection

Question 6

How does the pericardium fix the heart in the mediastinum and prevent it from moving ?

Answer 6

It is possible because the pericardium is attatched to the diaphragm, the sternum, and the tunica adventitia (outer layer) of the great vessels.

Question 7

Which layer of the pericardium prevents overfilling of the heart ?

Answer 7

the relatively inflexible fibrous layer of the pericardium prevents the heart from increasing size
too rapidly.

Question 8

How does the pericardium provide Iuberication for the
heart?

Answer 8

of thin film of fluid between the two layers of the serous
pericardium reduces the friction generated by the heart as it moves within the thoracic cavity.

Question 9

Consisting of dense fibrous connective tissue, forms the tough outer layer of the pericardial sac

Answer 9

Fibrous Pericardium

Question 10

The fibrous pericardium is continous with

Answer 10

The centra tendon of the diaphragm and the outer connective tissue covering the great vessels.

Question 11

The fibrous pericardium is capable of

Answer 11

Remodeling slowly over time to accommodate increases in heart size.

Question 12

Anterior of the Fibrous Pericardium

Answer 12

Is attached to the sternum through sternopericardial ligaments.

Question 13

Posterior of the Fibrous Pericardium

Answer 13

Posterior mediastinum

Question 14

Lateral of the Fibrous Pericardium

Answer 14

Mediastinal surfaces of the lungs

Question 15

A continuous layer that lives the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium and the heart’s outer surface

Answer 15

Serous Pericardium

Question 16

The layer covering the inner surface
of the fibrous pericardium

Answer 16

Parietal Layer

Question 17

The layer covering the heart

Answer 17

Visceral Layer

Question 18

The space between the parietal visceral
layers is called

Answer 18

Pericardial Cavity

Question 19

The pericardial cavity contains

Answer 19

A small amount (20-50 mL) of serous fluid, produced by both serous layers.

Question 20

Bare area of pericardium

Answer 20

It is an accessible location where the lungs/perietal pleura do not overlap the heart mainly due to the parietal pleur following the curve of the left lung (Cardiac Notch).

Question 21

The exact location of the bare area of the pericardium

Answer 21

Posterior to the sternum and slightly left of the sternal border between the levels of the 4th and 6th ribs.

Question 22

Pericardiocentesis

Answer 22

Removal of fluid that has built up in the
pericardium

Question 23

There are 2 pericardial sinuses

Answer 23

1) Transverse sinus
2) Oblique sinus

Question 24

Easy to place a finger into

Answer 24

Transverse pericardial sinus

Question 25

Anterior the transverse pericardial sinus

Answer 25

plumonany trunk & ascending aorta

Question 26

Posterior of the transverse pericardial sinus

Answer 26

Superior vena cava & 2 atria

Question 27

Interior of the transverse pericardial cavity

Answer 27

2 atria

Question 28

The transverse pericardial sinus is used to

Answer 28

Place ligature or clamp around the aorta & pulmonary trunk.

Question 29

An arch-shaped space posterior to the left atrium in the pericardial cavity

Answer 29

Oblique pericardial sinus

Question 30

The oblique sinus provides

Answer 30

Expansion space for the left atrium.

Question 31

The anterior wall of the oblique pericardial sinus is formed by

Answer 31

The posterior wall of the left atrium

Question 32

The posterior wall of the oblique pericardial sinus seperates

Answer 32

The left atrium from the esophagus & descending aorta

Question 33

Dilatation of the esophagus can compress

Answer 33

The left atrium

Question 34

On the right side of the Oblique Pericardial sinus

Answer 34

Reflection of the serous pericardium onto the inferior vena cava & the right pulmonary veins.

Question 35

On the left side of the oblique pericardial sinus

Answer 35

Reflection of the serous pericardium onto the left pulmonary veins.

Question 36

Interior of the oblique pericardial sinus

Answer 36

Connected to generalized pericardial cavity.

Question 37

Superior to the oblique pericardial sinus

Answer 37

Reflection of peritoneum from visceral layer to be parietal layer.

Question 38

Blood supply of Fibrous layer

Answer 38

1) Pericardiophrenic (from the internal thoracic artery) 2) Descending thoracic aorta

Question 39

Blood supply of the parietal layer

Answer 39

1) Pericardiophrenic (from the internal thoracic artery) 2) Descending thoracic aorta

Question 40

Drainage of the Fibrous layer

Answer 40

1) Internal thoracic vein 2) Azygos vein

Question 41

Drainage of parietal layer

Answer 41

1) Internal thoracic vein 2) Azygos vein

Question 42

Blood supply of the visceral layer

Answer 42

Coronary arteries

Question 43

Drainage of the visceral layer

Answer 43

Coronary sinus

Question 44

Nerve supply of the fibrous layer

Answer 44

Phrenic Nerve

Question 45

Nerve supply of the parietal layer

Answer 45

Phrenic nerve

Question 46

Pain wise the fibrous layer

Answer 46

Sensitive to pain. Pain at pericarditis is referred to the supraclavicular region of the shoulder.

Question 47

Pain wise the parietal layer

Answer 47

Sensitive to pain. Pain at pericarditis is referred to the supraclavicular region of the shoulder.

Question 48

Nerve supply of the visceral surface

Answer 48

Sympathetic & Vagus fibers (Cardiac plexuses)

Question 49

Pain wise the visceral surface

Answer 49

Is insensitive to pain.