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Cardiovascular > Anatomy 5 > Flashcards

Anatomy 5 Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

The flow of blood depends on

A

The pumping action of the heart

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2
Q

Arteries have

A

Elastic walls containing no valves.

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3
Q

Anastomosis

A

The branches of arteries supplying adjacent areas normally anastomose with one another freely, providing backup routes for blood flow if one artery is blocked, like arteries of limbs.

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4
Q

End arteries OR Terminal arteries

A

The arteries whose terminal branches do not anastomose with branches of adjacen arteries & THEY only supply oxygenated blood to a portion of tissue

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5
Q

Functional End Arteries & Examples

A

When an anastomosis exists but is incapable of providing a sufficient supply of blood.
Splenic Artery, renal artery & coronary artery.

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6
Q

Anatomic (True) End Artery & Examples

A

When no anastomosis exists between the artery & adjacent arteries.
Artery of the Retina.

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7
Q

The largest artery in the body & it carries oxygenated blood to all parts of the body

A

Aorta

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8
Q

The aorta is divided into 4 parts

A

1) Ascending Aorta
2) Aortic Arch
3) Descending Aorta
4) Abdominal Aorta

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9
Q

The ascending aorta originates from

A

The left ventricle, at the level of the lower border of the 3rd costal cartilage.

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10
Q

The aortic ascending continues as

A

The arch of the aorta, at the level of the sterenal angle ( lower border of T4 ).

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11
Q

Aortic Sinuses

A

The three dilatations at the base of the ascending aorta.

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12
Q

Location of aortic sinuses?

A

One above each of the three aortic cusps

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13
Q

Divide the aortic sinuses

A

1 anterior & 2 posterior aortic sinuses (Right & Left)

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14
Q

Branches of the ascending aorta

A

Right & left coronary arteries (supplying the heart)

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15
Q

Continuation of the ascending aorta

A

Aortic Arch

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16
Q

The aortic arch continues as

A

Descending Aorta

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17
Q
A
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18
Q
A
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19
Q

Course of Aortic Arch

A

Behind the lower part of the manubrium sterni & on the left side of the trachea

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20
Q

Branches of the Aortic Arch

A

1) Brachiocephalic Trunk
2) Left Common Carotid Artery
3) Left Subclavian Artery

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21
Q

Anterior & to the left of the aortic arch

A

Left lung & left vagus

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22
Q

Posterior & to the right of the arch of the aorta

A

Trachea, Esophagus, & Left reccurent laryngeal nerve

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23
Q

Inferior of the aortic arch

A

1) Left bronchus
2) Bifurcation of pulmonary trunk
3) Ligamentum arteriosum ( Remanant of the fetal ductus arteriosus )
4) Left reccurent laryngeal nerve

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24
Q

Continuation of the Aortic Arch

A

Descending thoracic aorta

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25
The descending thoracic aorta continues as
Abdominal Aorta. At the level of the 12th thoracic vertebrae (T12), it passes through the diaphragm & continues as abdominal aorta.
26
Branches of the descending thoracic aorta
1) Pericardial 2) Bronchial 3) Esophageal 4) Mediastinal 5) Superior phrenic 6) Posterior intercostal & subcostal
27
The pulmonary trunk originates from
The right ventricle, at the level of the 3rd left costal cartilage.
28
29
30
Location of the pulmonary trunk
It is located anteriorly & medially to the right atrium, sharing common layer of pericardium with the ascending aorta.
31
Course of the pulmonary trunk
Continues upwards, overlapping the root of the aorta & passing posteriorly.
32
Termination of the pulmonary trunk
At the level of T4& T5, the pulmonary trunk splits into the right& left pulmonary arteries.
33
The left pulmonary artery supplies blood to
The left lung, bifurcating into two branches to supply each lobe of the lung.
34
The right pulmonary artery
It is thicker & longer than the left, supplying blood to the right lung, also further divides into 2 branches.
35
Harvey's Ligament (Ligament arteriosum)
A fibrous remnant of the fetal ductus arteriosus ( Botallo's duct )
36
Botallo's duct (ductus arteriosus)
A vessel connecting the pulmonary trunk & the aortic arch or the descending aorta in the fetus.
37
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
A condition where the ductus arteriosus remains open after birth.
38
Supplies the fetus with oxygen
The mother's placenta
39
The oxygenated blood flows into the fetus through
Umbilical Vein
40
The enriched blood flows through the umbilical vein towards
The baby's liver
41
In the fetus's liver, the blood moves through a shunt called
Ductus Venosus
42
Most of the highly oxygenated blood in the fetus's liver flows to ..... & then into...
IVC & then into the right atrium of the heart.
43
44
Most of the blood in the right atrium flows across to the left atrium through
A shunt called the foramen ovale
45
In the fetuse, the blood bypasses the lungs & flows through
The ductus arteriosus into the descending aorta, which connects to the umbilical arteries.
46
The descending aorta connects to
The umbilical arteries
47
With the first breaths of air... closes.
1) Ductus Venous 2) Ductus Arteriosus 3) Foramen Ovale
48
When foramen ovale closes, it becomes
Fossa ovalis + ~ Annulus ovalis
49
The superior vena lava arises from
The union of the left & right brachiocephalic veins, posterior to the right 1st costal cartilage.
50
51
Course of SVC
It descends vertically through the superior mediastinum, behind the right 1st & 2nd intercostal spaces &, to the right of the aorta & trachea.
52
At the level of the right and costal cartilage, the SVC enters
The middle mediastinum & becomes surrounded by the fibrous pericardium.
53
Termination of the SVC
It terminate by emptying into the superior aspect of the right atrium at the level of the 3rd costal cartilage.
54
Tributaries of SVC
At the level of T4, the SVC receives the azygous vein (Which drains the upper lumber reigon & the thoracic wall)
55
The largest & widest vein of the body
Inferior Vena Cava
56
The inferior vena cava is formed by
The union of the 2 common iliac veins behind the right common iliac artery at the level of the 5th lumbar vertebra.
57
Course of IVC
Ascends on the right side of the abdominal aorta, then it reaches the groove on the posterior surface of the liver.
58
Termination of IVC
It pierces the central tendon of the diaphragm at the level of the 8th thoracic vertebrae & terminates by entering the right atrium of the heart.
59
There are 4 pulmonary veins
One superior & one inferior for each lung
60
The pulmonary veins enter the pericardium to drain into
The superior left atrium, on the posterior surface.
61
Seperates between the left & right pulmonary veins
Oblique pericardial sinus

Cardiovascular (10 decks)

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