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Cardiovascular > Anatomy 3 > Flashcards

Anatomy 3 Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

The heart is a

A

Muscular pump

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2
Q

Site of the heart

A

Middle of the mediastinum behind the sternum

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3
Q

Shape of the heart

A

Conical shape with a base & an apex

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4
Q

Surfaces of the heart

A

1) Sternocostal (Anterior)
2) Diaphragmatic (Interior)
3) Right
4) Left
5) Posterior (Base)

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5
Q

The 4 Borders of the Heart

A

1) Superior
2) Inferior
3) Right
4) Left

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6
Q

External features of the heart

A

1) 2 atria
2) 2 ventricles
3) Interventicular grooves

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7
Q

The 2 ventricles are separated from each other on the anterior & interior surfaces by

A

The anterior & interior interventricular grooves

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8
Q

Direction of the Base

A

Backwards to the right

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9
Q

The Base is formed by

A

2 Atria
The left atrium (mainly) & the right atrium

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10
Q

The 4 pulmonary veins open into

A

The left atrium

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11
Q

The base lies opposite to

A

Middle thoracic vertebrae (T5, T6, T7)

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12
Q

The base is separated from the vertebral column by

A

1) Descending aorta
2) Esophagus
3) Oblique sinus of the pericardium

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13
Q

The Apex is formed of

A

The left ventricle

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14
Q

Location of the Apex

A

Opposite the left 5th intercostal space 3 1/2 inches (9 cm) from the median plane

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15
Q

The sternocostal surface is directed

A

Forwards, upwards, & to the left.

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16
Q

Shape of the sternocostal surface

A

Convex in shape

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17
Q

The sternocostal surface is formed of

A

1) An Atrial Part
The right atrium & the right auricle

2) A venticular Part
2/3 the right ventricle & 1/3 the left ventricle
The ventricular part is below & to the left

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18
Q

The atrial part & ventricular part of the sternocostal surface are seperated from each other by

A

The coronary (Atrioventricular) sulcus

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19
Q

The diaphragmatic surface is directed

A

Downwards & Backwards

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20
Q
A
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21
Q

The diaphragmatic surface is resting on

A

the diaphragm

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22
Q

The diaphragmatic surface is limited from behind by

A

Coronary (Atrioventricular) sulcus

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23
Q

The diaphragmatic surface is formed by

Study These Flashcards
A

The 2 ventricles, mainly the left 2/3

24
Q

The right surface of the heart is directed

25
The right surface is related to
The right mediastinal pleura
26
The right surface is formed by
The right atrium ONLY.
27
The left surface is directed to
The left
28
The left surface is related to
The left mediastinal pleura
29
The Left surface is formed by
The left auricle & left ventricle
30
Anatomically, the heart is described as 4 chambers
2 atria which receive blood 2 ventricles which pump blood away
31
Functionally, the heart is better considered as a double pump having right & left halves
Each halve consists of an atrium & a ventricle The right 1/2 receives & pumps deoxygenated blood The left 1/2 receives & pumps oxygenated blood The 2 halves are separated by septa so the 2 types of blood never mix.
32
Pericarditis
The inflammation of the pericardium
33
Pericarditis cause substernal pain & produces
Pericardial effusion ( fluid in the pericardial cavity ) If effusion is extensive, it may interfere with the movement of the heart.
34
Locations of draining fluid from the pericardial cavity
1) 5th or 6th space close to the sternum 2) Left costo xiphoid angle
35
Blood supply of the heart
Right & left coronary arteries
36
The right coronary artery arises from
The anterior aortic sinus at the ascending aorta
37
The right coronary artery passes between
The root of the pulmonary trunk & the right auricle to reach the coronary sulcus.
38
when the coronary artery reaches the point of function between the right & interior borders of the heart it gives
A marginal branch
39
At the posterior part of the coronary sulcus, the right coronary artery gives
Its posterior (Inferior) interventricular branch. Before it ends by anastomosing with the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery.
40
Distribution of the right coronary artery
1) Right Atrium 2) Right Ventricle, except a small band on the sternocostal surface 3) Left Ventricle, band of the diaphragmatic surface 4) Posterior 1/3 of the interventricular septum 5) The whole conducting system The SA node (in 60%) AV nodes, the AV bundle & its right & left bundle branches (in 80%).
41
The left coronary artery arises from
Left posterior aortic sinus of the ascending aorta
42
The left coronary artery runs towards first then between
The root of the pulmonary trunk& the left auricle to reach the upper end of the anterior interventricular groove.
43
The left coronary ends by dividing into 2 branches
1) Anterior interventricular artery 2) Circumflex artery ( Sometimes considered as the continuation of the left coronary artery )
44
Distribution of the left corollary artery
1) Left atrium 2) Left ventricle, except a small band on its diaphragmatic surface 3) A band of the strenocostal surface of the right ventricle 4) The anterior 2/3 of the interventionor septum 5) The SA node (in 40% of people) The AV node & bundle ( ln 20%), especially the left bundle branch
45
The coronary sinus is
A short venous channel at (3cm) A continuation of the great cardiac vein
46
The coronary sinus runs from
The left to right in the posterior part of the coronary groove.
47
The coronary sinus opens in
The right atrium just to the left of the IVC
48
Site of the coronary sinus
Posterior part of the coronary groove between the base & the diaphragmatic surface
49
Origin of the coronary sinus
It is the direct continuation of the great cardiac vein
50
Termination at the coronary sinus
Ends in the right atrium between the IVC opening & the tricuspid orifice
51
Tributaries of the Coronary Sinus
1) Great Cardiac Vein 2) Middle Cardiac Vein 3) Small Cardiac Vein 4) Posterior Vein of the Left Ventricle 5) Oblique Vein of the Left Atrium
52
The great cardiac vein ascends in
The anterior interventricular groove and joins the left end of the coronary sinus, it receives the left marginal vein.
53
Middle cardiac vein ascends in
Posterior interventricular groove & joins the sinus at RIGHT end
54
Small cardiac veins joins
The right side of the coronary sinus & receivers right marginal.
55
Posterior vein of left ventricle ascends on
The diaphragmatic surface of left ventricle & joins middle of coronary sinus
56
Oblique vein of the left atrium descend on
Back of left atrium to left end in coronary sinus

Cardiovascular (10 decks)

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