Anatomy

Question 0

How thick are capillaries

Answer 0

1 cell thick!

Just big enough for 1 red blood cell

Question 1

2 types circulation

Answer 1

Systemic - entire body

Pulmonary - lungs

Question 2

How does the body even out the pressure from the pump (heart)

Answer 2

Aorta expands then contracts

Evens out blood pressure

Question 3

What acts as a huge pump to help return blood to heart

Known as

Answer 3

Gastrocnemius

Venal return

Question 4

Which blood vessels transport oxygenated blood and are depicted in red

Answer 4

Arteries & arterioles

Question 5

Which blood vessels are blue and transport deoxygenated blood

Answer 5

Veins & venues

Question 6

Function of arteries/arterioles

Answer 6

Oxygenated blood AWAY from heart to body
Exception - pulmonary & umbilical arteries
Blood under high pressure

Question 7

Function of veins & venues

Answer 7

Transport deoxygenated blood back TO heart
Exception - pulmonary & umbilical veins oxygen rich
Blood under low pressure

Question 8

Why do old people have swollen ankles

Answer 8

No pumps in feet, venal return not good as usually inactive & dehydrated. Valves in veins fail, blood stagnates, doesn’t flow back…..

Question 9

Role of capillaries

Answer 9

Small vessels connecting arterioles & venules

Where substances are exchanged between blood cells & tissues

Question 10

Most tissues have more than 1 —- supply

Answer 10

Blood

Question 11

Where blood vessels merge is called a

Answer 11

Anastomosis

Question 12

What can continue to provide blood supply of circulation to tissue ceases?

Answer 12

Collateral circulation

Question 13

What happens if an artery or vein is cut

Answer 13

Artery spurts - high pressure
Vein collapses - low pressure
Veins more fragile

Question 14

What are 3 layers of veins/arteries called

Answer 14

Tunica externa (outer)
Tunica media (middle(
Tunica interna

Question 15

Do all veins contain valves

Answer 15

No some

Esp those in limbs

Question 16

Composition of tunica externa, media & interna in both veins & arteries

Answer 16

Externa - fibrous tissue, elastic & collagen fibres
Media - smooth muscle controls BV diameter by vasoconstriction/dilation
Elastic fibres allow recoil
Interna - basement membrane & endothelium in contact with blood

Question 17

Structural difference between vein & artery

Answer 17

Arteries thicker than veins, particularly middle layer of smooth muscle/elastic tissue
Thickest layer of vein is externa, but still all thinner than artery

Question 18

Describe recoil of artery facilitated by smooth muscle & elastic fibres in tunica media

Answer 18

Expands & snaps back

Pushes blood forward

Question 19

Which vitamin is v important for collagen

Answer 19

C

Question 20

What is a lumen

Answer 20

The ‘hole’ in the middle of a vein/ artery

Question 21

Difference between lumen of vein/artery

Answer 21

Larger in vein

Question 22

What happens if artery constricted

Answer 22

Blood pressure goes up

Question 23

What causes vascular dementia

Answer 23

Furring of carotid artery

Lack of blood/O2 to brain

Question 24

2 types veins

Answer 24

Deep | Superficial

Question 25

What is the only layer of capillaries

Answer 25

Endothelial

Question 26

What does the unique 1 layered structure of capillaries allow

Answer 26

Partly permeable | Transport of gases across blood/cells etc

Question 27

Which blood vessel transports blood to brain

Answer 27

L & R carotid arteries

Question 28

Which blood vessel feeds the arm

Answer 28

Subclavian artery

Question 29

Which is main BV into leg

Answer 29

Femoral artery

Question 30

Which are main veins of neck

Answer 30

Internal/external jugular veins

Question 31

Which is body's main artery

Answer 31

Aorta

Question 32

Which are main veins going in/out of heart

Answer 32

Superior/inferior vena cava

Question 33

Which BVs take deoxygenated blood to lungs

Answer 33

Pulmonary arteries

Question 34

2 main branches of sorts

Answer 34

Arch of and descending

Question 35

Main vein from leg

Answer 35

Femoral vein

Question 36

Body's main vein - 2 parts

Answer 36

Inferior/superior vena cava

Question 37

Main BV to arm

Answer 37

Bronchial arteries

Question 38

Body's primary detoxification organ

Answer 38

Liver

Question 39

Ex fat soluble vitamins

Answer 39

A E D

Question 40

Ex water soluble vitamins

Answer 40

B C (Pee out)

Question 41

What is big vein in liver

Answer 41

Portal vein

Question 42

Which organs empty directly into portal vein

Answer 42

Digestive system Spleen Pancreas

Question 43

Come back to

Answer 43

Hepatic first pass | Portal circulation

Question 44

What do all blood vessels have apart from capillaries

Answer 44

Smooth muscle | Influenced by autonomic nervous system

Question 45

What influence do 2 parts of nervous system have on BV's

Answer 45

Sympathetic - vasoconstriction | Parasympathetic- little influence

Question 46

What does dilation do to blood pressure

Answer 46

Reduces it

Question 47

What does construction do to blood pressure

Answer 47

Increases it

Question 48

Why does sympathetic NS cause vasoconstriction

Answer 48

Fight flight | To pump things around fast

Question 49

Which substances are exchanged at capillary level and how

Answer 49

Water - osmosis Nutrients- facilitated diffusion/active transport Gases - diffusion (internal respiration)

Question 50

How big is your heart

Answer 50

As big as your fist

Question 51

How many times does it beat each day/in a lifetime

Answer 51

100,000 per day | 2.5 billion in lifetime

Question 52

How many gallons of blood will the heart pump through how many miles of blood vessels

Answer 52

100,000 million gallons of blood | 60,000 miles blood vessels

Question 53

Location of heart

Answer 53

Mediastinum in thoracic cavity

Question 54

Apex of heart where

Answer 54

5th intercostal space

Question 55

4 layers of heart

Answer 55

Pericardium Epicardium Myocardium Endocardium

Question 56

Define pericardium

Answer 56

Thin double layered sac encloses heart | Serous fluid in between

Question 57

Describe epicardium

Answer 57

Contains blood lymphatic vessels

Question 58

Describe myocardium

Answer 58

Main cardiac muscle | Pumps heart

Question 59

Describe endocardium

Answer 59

Endothelium- smooth surface for heart chambers

Question 60

Why is serous fluid in pericardium important

Answer 60

Lubricates constantly rubbing surfaces | Heart constantly moving

Question 61

Movement of blood between atrium, centrioles, lungs and body

Answer 61

``` From lungs to L atrium to L ventricle to The body to R atrium to R ventricle To lungs To L atrium ```

Question 62

How is the R/L of the heart when looking at a diagram

Answer 62

reversed

Question 63

Right atrium - what type blood, from where, to where

Answer 63

DEOXYGENATED | from Vena Cava to Right Ventricle

Question 64

Right Ventricle - type blood, from where to where VIA

Answer 64

DEOXYGENATED from R Atrium to Lungs for oxygenation VIA pulmonary arteries

Question 65

Left atrium - type blood, from where to where

Answer 65

Oxygenated | From Lungs via pulmonary veins to Left ventricle

Question 66

left ventricle - type blood from where to where

Answer 66

From left atrium oxygenated round body

Question 67

how much blood is taken out of left ventricle to supply heart

Answer 67

5%

Question 68

Compare muscle thickness in L&R Atriums & Ventricles

Answer 68

Ventricles thicker than atria | L ventricle thicker than R

Question 69

Which are the only red veins in the body as oxygenated

Answer 69

pulmonary

Question 70

Name 4 heart valves - bi/tricuspid

Answer 70

Mitral - Bicuspid Tricuspid Aortic - Tri Pulmonary - Tri

Question 71

Where is mitral Valve

Answer 71

Biscupid, between left atrium and left ventricle

Question 72

where is Aortic valve

Answer 72

tricuspid - between left ventricle and aorta

Question 73

where is tricuspid valve

Answer 73

tricuspid - between right ventricle & right atrium

Question 74

where is pulmonary valve

Answer 74

tricuspid - between right ventricle and pulmonary artery

Question 75

Unique structure of Myocardium

Answer 75

autorythmic smooth cardiac muscle involuntary intercalating discs

Question 76

What type of BV would they use for a coronary bypass and why

Answer 76

Vein - more replaceable, lesser side effects than using an artery