Revision Quiz 2

Question 0

2 nodes which form conduction control system of heart

Answer 0

Sinoatrial

Atrioventricular

Question 1

What % blood goes directly to coronary arteries

Answer 1

5

Question 2

What effect does sympathetic NS have on heart

Answer 2

Increases rate

Contraction strength

Question 3

Where do you palate the dorsalis pedis pulse

Answer 3

Foot

Question 4

How do you calculate cardiac output

Answer 4

Stroke volume x heart rate

Question 5

2 things aid blood return to heart

Answer 5

Body position - gravity assisted
Respiratory pump - vacuum/pressure
Skeletal muscle pump

Question 6

What is normal blood pressure reading

Answer 6

120/80

Question 7

Explain term portal circulation

Answer 7

Venous blood passes from digestive system, spleen, pancreas > liver.
Known as hepatic first pass

Question 8

What does HDL stand for

Role in body

Answer 8

High density lipoprotein
Carries cholesterol from tissues to liver
‘Good cholesterol’

Question 9

Definition of shock

Answer 9

Reduction in circulating volume, BP and cardiac output resulting in hypoxia of tissues

Question 10

What is hypovolaemic shock

Answer 10

Blood volume reduced by 15-25%

Blood or liquid could have been lost

Question 11

4 common symptoms of shock

Answer 11

Tachycardia 
Hypotension 
Faint/weak/nausea
Dizziness
Cold/clammy skin
Rapid shallow breathing
Cyanosis

Question 12

What is atherona

Answer 12

Build up fatty deposits/ldl cholesterol
Oxidisation of cholesterol
Development of fibrous cap

Question 13

2 complications atheroma

Answer 13

Thrombosis
Haemorrhage

Or angina, intermittent claudication

Question 14

What is arteriosclerosis

Answer 14

Systemic stiffening/hardening arteries
Progressive degeneration arterial walls
Artery walls fibrous, calcified
Loss elasticity especially large/medium arteries increases systolic BP

Question 15

What is key difference between angina pain and MI pain

Answer 15

Angina eases on rest MI DOESNT

Question 16

Pathophysiogy MI

Answer 16

Occlusion blood supply to the heart, = hypoxia then tissue necrosis
Cause - atherosclerosis, embolism

Question 17

4 symptoms of MI

Answer 17

Severe chest pain more than 20 mins NOT IMPROVING on rest
Dyspnoea syncope fatigue
Feeling of impending doom
Pale clammy skin

Question 18

2 types stroke and difference

Answer 18

Ischaemic - most common. Occlusion of BV to brain results in hypoxia
Haemorrhagic BV in brain ruptures causing brain damage

Question 19

What is TIA

Answer 19

Transient ischeamic attack

Caused by microembolism in brain

Question 20

What is aneurysm

Answer 20

Swelling of artery due to weakness in wall

Question 21

3 factors may dispose you to DVT

Answer 21

REDUCED BLOOD FLOW
CHANGES IN BLOOD
DAMAGE TO BV WALL

Question 22

What is complication of DVT

Answer 22

Pulmonary embolism

Question 23

What cause varicose veins

Answer 23

Incompetent valves in vein

Question 24

1 poss cause oesophageal varies

Answer 24

Portal hypertension - liver cirrhosis | Right sided heart failure

Question 25

What is advises

Answer 25

Accumulation fluid peritoneal cavity

Question 26

Give 3 complications hypertension

Answer 26

``` Retinal bleeding Cerebral oedema Renal disease Aneurysm Left ventricle failure - lung congestion Right ventricle failure - oedema Stroke ```

Question 27

1 cause 1 symptom right sided heart failure

Answer 27

Increased vascular resistance in lungs Back pressure from L side of heart Previous MI Systemic oedema, ascites

Question 28

What does stenosis

Answer 28

Narrowing of an orifice

Question 29

What does tachycardia mean

Answer 29

Fast heart rate over 100

Question 30

What is endocarditis

Answer 30

Inflammation inner layer of heart - endocardium, most commonly affecting heart valves

Question 31

4 symptoms of endocarditis

Answer 31

``` Fever/chills New heart murmur Fatigue Aching joints/muscles Night sweats Shortness breath Paleness Persistent cough Oedema - feet, legs, abdomen Weight loss Blood in urine Tender spleen Oslers nodes Petechia ```

Question 32

Describe chest pain pericarditis what makes it better/worse

Answer 32

Chest pain radiating to back Better sitting up forward Worse lying down/breathing deeply

Question 33

1 complication pericarditis

Answer 33

Constructive pericarditis- becomes rigid, stops heart working properly Cardiac tamponade too much fluid collects pericardium, stops heart working properly

Question 34

2 key differences structure arteries veins

Answer 34

Veins thinner walls, bigger lumen, valves

Question 35

what are anastomoses

Answer 35

Arteries linking main arteries - provide collateral circulation

Question 36

2 differences capillaries sinusoids

Answer 36

Sinusoids wider larger pores

Question 37

Which blood vessels are mainly responsible for providing resistance to flow of blood

Answer 37

Arteriolar

Question 38

Where is endocardium

Answer 38

Lining inside heart

Question 39

Which side of heart pumps deoxygenated blood

Answer 39

Right