Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Cardiovascular 1 > Intro/Blood > Flashcards

Intro/Blood Flashcards

(78 cards)

Start Studying
0
Q

Blood is a fluid type of —- tissue

A

Connective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

4 parts cardiovascular system

A

Heart
Blood vessels
Blood
Lymphatic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the % ratio of plasma to cells in blood

A

55% plasma 45% cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How much of body weight is blood

A

7%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How much blood in litres is in an average adult male/female

A

Male 5.6L

Female - 4.5L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Blood is always in ——

A

Motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is plasma

A

Fluid portion of blood in which particulate components are suspended

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Best natural alternative to plasma

A

Coconut water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Functions of blood
Homeostasis
Communication
Transport

A 
O2 to tissues from lungs
CO2 to lungs from tissues
Nutrient transport to cells/elimination organs
Disperses heat
Hormones to their target
Antibodies to infection
Clotting factors to heal broken tissues
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does sugar do to blood vessels

A

Damages - creates friction-creates immune response - creates blockages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Main constituents of plasma

A

91% water
7% proteins
.9% mineral salts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is serum

A

Plasma without clotting factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

3 types protein in blood

A

Albumin
Globulins
Clotting factors - fibrinogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which protein is mostly found in blood (60%)

A

Albumin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Function of albumin

A

Maintains osmotic pressure

Carrier molecules for fatty acids, some drugs & steroid hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Examples of steroid hormones in body

A

Cortisol

Adrenalin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Function of globulins in body

A

Immunoglobulins are antibodies - immunity
Transport - hormones, mineral salts/ions
Inactivation of some enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Function of fibrinogen

A

Essential for blood clotting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Blood is a fluid type of —- tissue

A

Connective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the % ratio of plasma to cells in blood

A

55% plasma 45% cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How much of body weight is blood

A

7%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How much blood in litres is in an average adult male/female

A

Male 5.6L

Female - 4.5L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Blood is always in ——

A

Motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is plasma

A

Fluid portion of blood in which particulate components are suspended

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Best natural alternative to plasma
Coconut water
25
Functions of blood Homeostasis Communication Transport
``` O2 to tissues from lungs CO2 to lungs from tissues Nutrient transport to cells/elimination organs Disperses heat Hormones to their target Antibodies to infection Clotting factors to heal broken tissues ```
26
What does sugar do to blood vessels
Damages - creates friction-creates immune response - creates blockages
27
Main constituents of plasma
91% water 7% proteins .9% mineral salts
28
What is serum
Plasma without clotting factors
29
3 types protein in blood
Albumin Globulins Clotting factors - fibrinogen
30
Which protein is mostly found in blood (60%)
Albumin
31
Function of albumin
Carrier of substances (lipids, steroid hormones) | Maintains osmotic pressure
32
Examples of steroid hormones in body
Cortisol | Adrenalin
33
Function of globulins in body
Immunity - antibodies (immunoglobulins) Transport - hormones, mineral salts/ions Inactivation of some enzymes
34
Function of fibrinogen
Essential for blood clotting
35
Nutrients in blood made up of
``` Carbohydrates (sugars) - glucose Amino acids Fats/oils Vitamins Minerals/ions ```
36
Organic waste in blood made up of
Urea Creatinine Uric acid Carbon dioxide
37
How do urea, creatinine & Utica acid get into blood
Produced from breakdown of proteins/amino acids
38
Hormones in blood are
Chemical messengers carried by blood to the target cells/tissues
39
What are enzymes in blood
Catalysts for biochemical reactions in body
40
3 types blood cell
Erythrocyte- transport gases Leukocyte - defence & repair Thrombocytes- platelets for clotting
41
Blood production known as
Haematopoiesis
42
All blood cells originate from
Pluripotent stem cells in red bone marrow
43
In first few years all bone marrow is
Red
44
In adults bone marrow is found only in
Spongy bone
45
Lifecycle of erythrocytes from pluripotent stem cell
Proerythroblast Erythroblast Reiticulocyte Erythrocyte
46
Lifecycle of thrombocyte (platelet) from pluripotent stem cell
Megakaryoblast Megakaryocyte Thrombocyte
47
Two types Leukocytes
Granulocytes (70%) | Agranulocytes ((30%)
48
Lifecycle of granulocytes from pluripotent stem cells
Myeloblast Basophil myelocyte > basophil Eosinophil myelocyte >eosinophil neutrophil myelocyte > neutrophil
49
Lifecycle of agranulocytes from pluripotent stem cells
Monoblast monocyte | Lymphoblast, lymphocyte, t-lymphocyte & b-lymphocyte
50
Lifespan of erythrocytes
90-120 days
51
Unique shape of erythrocyte
Bioconcave | Non-uncleared - larger surface area to transport more oxygen
52
Size of erythrocyte
Approx 6-8 micrometers n diameter
53
What type of molecules are erythrocytes made up of
Haemoglobin
54
How many oxygen molecules can each haemoglobin molecule carry
4, as consist of 4 globin (protein) molecules
55
Formation of red boos cells called
Erythropoisis | In red bone marrow
56
How do erythrocytes change in structure as they mature
Immature erythrocytes have nuclei & organelles that they lose as they mature - more room for transportation!
57
What nutrients are required for erythropoietin
``` Vitamins B12 B9 (folic acid) C Iron ```
58
How might a deficiency of nutrients required for erythropoiesis be masked
By an excess of another | Why we need blood tests for anaemia
59
What is hypoxia
Low O2 levels
60
What effect does hypoxia have on erythropoiesis
Hypoxia stimulates secretion of hormone erythropoietin (via kidneys) which stimulates erythropoiesis in bone marrow until normal blood O2 levels are restored - negative feedback
61
Why do some athletes train at high altitude
To make more red blood cells (by stimulating erythropoiesis via hypoxia) so to be more efficient
62
Causes of hypoxia
High altitude Haemolysis Excessive blood loss Pregnancy
63
What is excessive erythrocyte breakdown known as
Haemolysis
64
``` Describe receptors Input Control centre Output Effectors in negative feedback loop hypoxia > erythropoiesis ```
Receptors: kidneys Input: increased erythropoietin secreted control centre: red bone marrow - proerythroblasts mature more quickly into reticulocytes Output: more reticulocytes enter circulating blood Effectors: more ERYTHROCYTES in blood
65
Breaking down of erythrocytes (and partial recycling) called
Haemolysis
66
Healthy erythrocytes live for how many days
90-120
67
What % of human erythrocytes breakdown each day
1%
68
which type of phagocytic cells carry out haemolysis of erythrocytes
macrophages
69
where are macrophages mostly found
SPLEEN | bone marrow & liver
70
what is spleen known as
graveyard for old/damaged RBCs
71
4 portions of Erythrocytes which are recycled
Haemoglobin splits into Haem & globin Globin amino acids are recycled IRON is recycled Bilirubin transported to liver, extreted as part of BILE
72
What is the Haem and Globin constituent of haemoglobin
haem - iron | globin - proteins
73
journey of globin during haemolysis of erythrocytes
broken into amino acids | reused for protein synthesis
74
Journey of iron (Fe3+) component of Haem during haemolysis
becomes ferritin in liver, recycled to make new erythrocytes in erythropoiesis in bone marrow
75
journey of biliverdin component of haem during haemolysis
becomes bilirubin in liver, excreted as part of BILE
76
How is carbon dioxide carried around - as what in what
Bicarbonate ions dissolved in plasma
77
In adults haemopoiesis is restricted to where
Flat, irregular bones and epiphyses of long bones | Mostly sternum, ribs, pelvis skull

Cardiovascular 1 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions