Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

(40 cards)

1
Q

Locus Ceruleus (pons)

A

Norepinephrine

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2
Q

Ventral tegmentum and SNc (midbrain)

A

Dopamine

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3
Q

Raphe nucleus (pons, medulla, midbrain)

A

5-HT

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4
Q

Basal Nucleus of Meynert

A

ACh

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5
Q

Nucleus Accumbens

A

GABA

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6
Q

Anxiety NTs

A

Increased NE

Decreased 5-HT & GABA

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7
Q

Depression NTs

A

Decreased in NE, DA, 5-HT

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8
Q

Huntington NTs

A

Increased in DA

Decreased in ACh and GABA

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9
Q

Parkinson NTs

A

Increased in 5-HT, ACh

Decreased in Dopamine

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10
Q

Alzheimer NTs

A

Decreased in ACh

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11
Q

Nucleus accumbens and septal nucleus

A

Reward center, pleasure, addiction, fear

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12
Q

3 Structures in BBB

A

Tight Junctions b/w nonfenestrated capillary endothelial cells, basement membrane, astrocyte foot processes

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13
Q

Area Postrema

A

Vomiting after chemo

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14
Q

OVLT

A

osmotic sensing

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15
Q

Lateral Area of Hypothalamus

A

Hunger

Destruction = Anorexia, failure to thrive

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16
Q

Ventromedial Area of Hypothalamus

A

Satiety

Destruction = hyperphagia

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17
Q

Anterior Hypothalamus

A

Cooling, parasympathetic

Destruction = can’t cool down, too hot

18
Q

Posterior Hypothalamus

A

Heating, Sympathetic

Destruction = can’t heat up, too cold

19
Q

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

A

Circadian Rhythm

20
Q

Tx of bedwetting

A

oral desmopressin acetate (DDAVP)

21
Q

Alcohol, Benzodiazepines and barbituates effect on sleep

A

decreases REM and delta wave

22
Q

Extraocular movements during REM sleep

A

PPRF - paramedian pontine reticular formation

23
Q

Awake eyes open

A

Beta, highest frequency, lowest amplitude

24
Q

Awake eyes closed

25
Stage N1
Light sleep, theta waves
26
Stage N2
Deeper sleep; when bruxism occurs
27
Sleep Spindles and K complexes
Stage N2
28
Stage N3
Deepest non-REM sleep; sleepwalking, night terrors, and bedwetting
29
Delta Waves
Lowest frequency, highest amplitude, Stage N3
30
REM sleep
Beta waves, Loss of motor tone, increased brain oxygen use and increased pulse and BP
31
Supraoptic Nuclei
ADH
32
Paraventricular Nuclei
Oxytocin
33
VPL Nucleus of Thalamus
Pain and temperature; pressure, touch, vibration, and proprioception
34
VPM Nucleus of Thalamus
Face sensation and taste
35
LGN Nucleus of Thalamus
From CN II, Vision (Lateral, light)
36
MGN Nucleus of Thalamus
From Superior olive and Inferior colliculus of tectum | Hearing (Medial, music)
37
VL Nucleus of Thalamus
From Basal Ganglia; motor
38
Limbic System Structures
Hippocampus, Amygdala, Fornix, Mammillary Bodies, and Cingulate Gyrus
39
Lateral Lesions of Cerebellum
propensity to fall toward injured (IL) side
40
Medial Lesions of Cerebellum
Vermal Cx, Fastigal nuclei and/or flocculonodular lobe truncal ataxia, nystagmus, and head tilting Wide-based cerebellar gait