Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

First Aid Neurology > Ears & Eyes Anatomy/Physio > Flashcards

Ears & Eyes Anatomy/Physio Flashcards

(69 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Visible portion of ear

A

Pinna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Air filled sspace with 3 bones called the ossicle (malleus, incus, stapes)

A

Middle Ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Low Frequency

A

heard at apex near helicotrema (wide and flexible)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

High Frequency

A

base of cochlea (thin and rigid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Tonotopy

A

Each frequency leads to vibration at specific location on the basilar membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Conductive Hearing loss

A

Bone > Air

Weber test will localize to affected ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Sensorineural Hearing Loss

A

Air > Bone

Weber localizes to unaffected near

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Noise induced hearing loss

A

damage to stereocilia cells in organ of Corti; loss of high frequency hearing 1st

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Complete destruction of the facial nucleus or its branchial efferent fibers (facial nerve proper)

A

Facial nerve palsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Lyme disease, herpes simplex/zoster, sarcoidosis, tumors and diabetes

A

Facial Nerve Palsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Tx for Facial nerve palsy

A

Corticosteroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Muscles that close jaw

A

Masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Muscle that lowers the jaw

A

Lateral Pterygoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

IL paralysis of upper and lower face

A

LMN Lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Lesion ofmotor cortex or connection between Cx and facial nucleus
CL paralysis of lower face, forehead spared due to BL

A

UMN Lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Eye too short for refractive power of cornea and lens, light focused behind retina

A

Hyperopia, Farsighted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Eye too long for refractive power of cornea and lens, light focused in front of retina

A

Myopia, Nearsighted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Abnormal curvature of cornea resulting in different refractive power at different axes

A

Astigmatism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Decrease in focusing ability during accommodation due to sclerosis and decreased elasticity

A

Presbyopia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

hypopyon

A

Sterile pus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Inflammation of anterior uvea and iris, often associated with Sarcoid, Rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, TB, HLA-B27)

A

Uveitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Retinal edema and necrosis leading to scar, often viral (CMV, HSV, HZV)

A

Retinitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Acute, painless monocular vision loss, retina cloudy with attenuated vassels and “cherry-red” spot at fovea

A

Central Retinal Artery Occlusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy

A

leakage of capillaries, lipids and fluid seep into retina, hemorrhages and macular edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Tx of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Blood sugar control, Macular laser
26
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Chronic hypoxia results in new blood vessel formation with resultant traction on retina
27
Tx of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Peripheral retinal photocoagulation, anti-VEGF injections
28
Collects aqueous humor from trabecular meshwork
Canal of Schlemm
29
Collects Aqueous humor that flows through Anterior Chamber
Trabecular Meshwork
30
Ciliary muscle
M3
31
Produces aqueous humor
Ciliary epithelium (Beta)
32
Painless increase in IOP and progressive peripheral visual field loss
Open Angle Glaucoma
33
Enlargement or forward movement of lens against central iris (pupil margin) leads to obstruction of normal aqueous flow through pupil
Primary Closed/Narrowed Angle Glaucoma
34
Hypoxia from retinal disease like diabetes and vein occlusion that induces vasoproliferation in iris that contracts angle
Seconadry Closed/Narrowed Angle Glaucoma
35
Chronic Closed Angle Glaucoma
Often asymptomatic with damage to optic nerve and peripheral vision
36
Acute Closed Angle Glaucoma
True ophthalmic emergency, very painful, sudden vision loss, halos around lights, rock-hard eye, frontal headache
37
Opacification of lens
Cataract
38
Optic Disc Swelling due to increased ICP
Papilledema
39
Enlarged blind spot and elevated optic disc with blurred margins on fundoscopic exam
Papilledema
40
Eye looks down and out; ptosis, pupillary dilation, loss of accommodation
CN III damage
41
Problems going down stairs, compensatory head tilt to CL side going downstairs
CN IV damage
42
eyes move upward wuth CL gaze and head tilt to side of lesion
CN IV damage
43
Medially directed eye that cannot abduct
CN VI damage
44
Have patient look medial and up
Inferior Oblique
45
Have Patient look medial and down
Superior Oblique
46
Have patient look lateral and up
Superior Rectus
47
Have patient look lateral and down
Inferior Rectus
48
Look lateral
Lateral rectus
49
Look medial
Medial rectus
50
Miosis
Constriction, PS, Edinger-Westphal nucleus to ciliary ganglion via CN III
51
Mydriasis
Dilation, Sympathetic, Hypothalamus to ciliospinal center of Budge
52
Short ciliary nerves
Parasympathetic, causes Miosis (constriction)
53
Long Ciliary Nerve
Sympathetic, causes Mydriasis (dilation)
54
Marcus Gunn Pupil
Afferent pupillary defect, optic nerve or severe retinal injury. decreased BL pupillary constriction with light in affected eye, light in unaffected eye will cause BL pupillary constriction
55
Swinging Flashlight test
Marcus Gunn Pupil
56
Interior CN III damage
Diabetes, vascular issues; motor output is affected | ptosis, down and out gaze
57
Peripheral CN III damage
compression of PCom aneurysm or uncal herniation | diminished or absent pupillary light reflex; "blown pupil" can have down and out gaze
58
Flashes and Floaters, eventual monocular loss of vision like curtain drawn down
Retinal detachment
59
Meyer loop
inferior retina; loops around inferior horn of lateral ventricle
60
Dorsal Optic Radiation
superior retina; takes shortest path via internal capsule
61
Pituitary Lesion, Chiasm
Bitemporal Hemianopia
62
Right temporal Lesion, MCA
Left upper quadrantic anopia
63
Right parietal lesion, MCA
Left lower quadrantic anopia
64
PCA infarct
Left hemianopia with macular sparing
65
Macular degeneration
Central Scotoma
66
Lesion of Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus
Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia, Abducting eye gets nystagmus (CNVI overfires to stimulate CNIII) convergence is normal
67
MLF in looking left
Left nucleus of CN VI fires contracting Lat rectus, Stimulates CL (right) nucleus of CN III via right MLF to contract the left medial rectus
68
Naming INO
refers to which eye is paralyzed, Right INO is a right MLF Lesion (right eye can't adduct and left eye, abducting eye has nystagmus)
69
Do 10 push ups
or 20

First Aid Neurology (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions