Embryology

Question 1

Alar Plate

Answer 1

Dorsal, Sensory

Question 2

Basal Plate

Answer 2

Ventral, Motor

Question 3

Notochord

Answer 3

Nucleus Pulposus and IV disc in adults, Induces overlying ectoderm to differentiate into neuroectoderm and formneural plate

Question 4

Neural Plate

Answer 4

Neural Tube and Neural Crest Cells

Question 5

Prosencephalon

Answer 5

Forebrain, makes up the telencephalon and diencephalon

Question 6

Telencephalon

Answer 6

Cerebral hemispheres and lateral ventricles

Question 7

Diencephalon

Answer 7

Thalamus and third ventricle

Question 8

Mesencephalon

Answer 8

Midbrain, aqueduct

Question 9

Rhombencephalon

Answer 9

hindbrain, splits into metencephalon & myelencephalon

Question 10

Metencephalon

Answer 10

Pons and cerebellum

upper part of 4th ventricle

Question 11

Myelencephalon

Answer 11

medulla, lower part of 4th ventricle

Question 12

Neuroectoderm

Answer 12

CNS neurons, ependymal cells, oligodendroglia, astrocytes

Question 13

Neural Crest

Answer 13

PNS neurons, Schwann cells

Question 14

Mesoderm

Answer 14

Microglia

Question 15

Neural Tube Defects

Answer 15

elevated AFP in amniotic fluid and maternal serum, increased AChE in amniotic fluid

Question 16

Failure of bony spinal canal to close but no structural herniation. Tuft of hair or skin dimple at level of bony defect

Answer 16

Spina bifida occulta

Question 17

Meninges, not spinal cord, herniate through spinal canal defect (normal AFP)

Answer 17

Meningocele

Question 18

Meninges and spinal cord herniate through spinal canal defect

Answer 18

Meningomyelocele

Question 19

Malformation of anterior neural tube resulting in no forebrain, polyhydraminos

Answer 19

Anencephaly

Question 20

Frog-like appearance

Answer 20

Anencephaly

Question 21

Failure of left and right brain hemispheres to separate

Answer 21

Holoprosencephaly

Question 22

Mutations in sonic hedgehog signaling pathway

Answer 22

Holoprosencephaly

Question 23

herniation of cerebellar tonsils and vermis through foramen magnum

Answer 23

Arnold Chiari Malformation II

Question 24

Aqueductal stenosis and hydrocephalus, often presents with lumbosacral myelomeningocele and paralysis below the defect

Answer 24

Arnold Chiari Malformation II

Question 25

Agenesis of cerebellar vermis with cystic enlargment of 4th ventricle

Answer 25

Dandy-Walker

Question 26

Enlarged posterior fossa

Answer 26

Dandy-Walker

Question 27

Cystic cavity (syrinx) within the spinal cord

Answer 27

Syringomyelia

Question 28

"cape-like" BL loss of pain and temperature sensation in upper extremities; Anterior Spinal Commissural fibers

Answer 28

Syringomyelia

Question 29

Most commen syrinx location

Answer 29

C8-T1

Question 30

Syringomyelia is associated with

Answer 30

Chiari I malformation

Question 31

Sensation of Anterior 2/3 of tongue

Answer 31

CN V3

Question 32

Taste sensation of Anterior 2/3 of tongue

Answer 32

CN VII

Question 33

Taste and Sensation of Posterior 1/3 of Tongue

Answer 33

CN IX

Question 34

Taste in the extreme posterior tongue

Answer 34

CN X

Question 35

Occipital Myotomes

Answer 35

where muscles of tongue are derived from

Question 36

Arches for Anterior 2/3 tongue

Answer 36

Arches 1 & 2

Question 37

Arches for Posterior 1/3 tongue

Answer 37

Arches 3 & 4

Question 38

Multinucleated giant cells in the CNS

Answer 38

HIV-infected microglia

Question 39

Injured in MS, PML and leukodystrophies

Answer 39

Oligodendroglia

Question 40

Promote axonal regeneration

Answer 40

Schwann Cells

Question 41

BL Acoustic neuroma

Answer 41

Neurofibromatosis type 2

Question 42

Meissner Corpuscles

Answer 42

``` Large, myelinated fibers; adapt quickly in Glabrous (hairless) skin ```

Question 43

Sensory Corpuscles Dynamic, fine/light touch; position sense

Answer 43

Meissner Corpuscles

Question 44

Sensory Corpuscles Vibration and pressure

Answer 44

Pacinian corpuscles

Question 45

Sensory Corpuscles Found in deep skin layers, ligaments, and joints

Answer 45

Pacinian Corpuscles

Question 46

Sensory Corpuscles In basal epidermal layer, hair follicles

Answer 46

Merkel Discs

Question 47

Sensory Corpuscles Pressure, deep static touch, position sense

Answer 47

Merkel Discs

Question 48

Invests single nerve fiber layers

Answer 48

Endoneurium

Question 49

Surrounds a fascicle of nerve fibers.

Answer 49

Perineurium

Question 50

Dense CT that surrounds entire nerve

Answer 50

Epineurium