Pharmacology 3

Question 1

Four major CNS stimulant drugs of abuse

Answer 1

Caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, amphetamines

Question 2

Treatments available for nicotine addiction

Answer 2

Patch, gum, lozenge, bupropion, varenicline

Question 3

CNS stimulant that acts by inhibiting reuptake of neurotransmitters; may cause pupil dilation, alter tactile sensation, irregular breathing, and cardiac toxicity

Answer 3

Cocaine

Question 4

Amphetamine derivatives commonly abused

Answer 4

Methamphetamine (crystal meth), MDMA (methylenedioxymeth-amphetamine, or ecstasy)

Question 5

Drug of abuse that was developed as a dissociative anesthetic; intoxication leads to both horizontal and vertical nystagmus, analgesia, psychosis, delirium, and seizures

Answer 5

PCP (phencyclidine, or angel dust)

Question 6

Synthetic ergot derivative that can produce perceptual hallucinations and used as an illicit drug; may cause paranoia

Answer 6

LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide)

Question 7

Active ingredient is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC); side effects include impairment of judgment, altered sense of time, increased appetite, and hallucinations

Answer 7

Marijuana

Question 8

Use of all antipsychotic medication in this group of patients is associated with increased risk of deaths

Answer 8

Elderly with dementia-related psychosis

Question 9

Antipsychotics that repress primarily the positive symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 9

Typical antipsychotics

Question 10

Primary mechanism of action of typical antipsychotics

Answer 10

Inhibits D2 receptors

Question 11

Common endocrine side effects of all typical antipsychotic drugs

Answer 11

Hyperprolactinemia, galactorrhea

Question 12

Two low potency, typical antipsychotic drugs

Answer 12

Chlorpromazine, thioridazine

Question 13

Typical antipsychotic associated with retinopathy and cardiac toxicity

Answer 13

Thioridazine

Question 14

Common side effects of low potency typical antipsychotic drugs

Answer 14

Dry mouth (anticholinergic), sedation (antihistamine), hypotension (α1 block)

Question 15

Three high potency, typical antipsychotic drugs

Answer 15

Haloperidol, fluphenazine, trifluoperazine

Question 16

Typical antipsychotic that can also be used for Tourette syndrome

Answer 16

Haloperidol

Question 17

Side effects more commonly associated with high potency typical antipsychotic drugs

Answer 17

Dystonia, akathisia, bradykinesia, tardive dyskinesia (extrapyramidal symptoms)

Question 18

Treatment for drug-induced acute extrapyramidal symptoms

Answer 18

Benztropine, diphenhydramine

Question 19

Life-threatening side effect associated with typical antipsychotic drugs

Answer 19

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Question 20

Treatment for drug-induced neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Answer 20

Dantrolene

Question 21

Act via BZ1 subtype of GABA receptor, effects reversed by flumazenil

Answer 21

Zolpidem (ambien), Zaleplon, eszopiclone

Question 22

Myocardial depression, respiratory depression, N/V, increases cerebral blood flow

Answer 22

Inhaled anesthetics

Question 23

Halothane toxicity

Answer 23

Hepatotoxicity

Question 24

Methoxyflurane toxicity

Answer 24

Nephrotoxicity

Question 25

High potency, high lipid solubility, rapid entry into brain. Used for induction of anesthesia and short surgical procedures

Answer 25

Thiopental

Question 26

Most common drug used for endoscopy; used adjunctively with gaseous anesthetics and narcotics

Answer 26

Midazolam

Question 27

Used for sedation in ICU, rapid anesthesia induction, and short procedures. Less post-op nausea than thiopental

Answer 27

Propofol

Question 28

Local anesthetics - Esters

Answer 28

Procaine, cocaine, tetracaine

Question 29

Local Anesthetics - Amides

Answer 29

Lidocaine, Mepivacaine, Bupivicaine,

Question 30

Bupivicaine toxicity

Answer 30

Cardiovascular toxicity

Question 31

Prevents the release of calcium from the SR of skeletal muscle

Answer 31

Dantrolene

Question 32

used to tx malignant hyperthermia and neuroleptic syndrome

Answer 32

Dantrolene

Question 33

Dopamine Agonists

Answer 33

Bromocriptine(ergot), pramipexole, ropinirole (non-ergot)

Question 34

COMT inhibitors, prevent L-dopa degradation

Answer 34

Entacapone, Tolcapone

Question 35

Antimuscarinic that improves tremor and rigidity but has little effect on bradykinesia

Answer 35

Benztropine

Question 36

Drug that is converted to dopamine in CNS by dopa decarboxylase

Answer 36

Levodopa

Question 37

Peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor

Answer 37

Carbidopa

Question 38

Selectively inhibits MAO-B, which preferentially metabolizes DA over NE and 5-HT, therefore increases dopamine. Adjunctive adent of L-dopa of Parkinson

Answer 38

Selegiline

Question 39

NMDA receptor antagonist; helps prevent excitotoxicity (mediated by calcium) used for Alzheimer

Answer 39

Memantine

Question 40

Toxicity of Memantine

Answer 40

Dizziness, confusion, hallucinations

Question 41

3 AChE inhibitors used for Alzheimer

Answer 41

Donepezil, Galantamine, Rivastigmine

Question 42

Dopamine receptor antagonist used for Huntington

Answer 42

Haloperidol

Question 43

Inhibit vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT), limit dopamine vesicle packaging and release used for Huntington

Answer 43

tetrabenazine and reserpine

Question 44

5-HT 1B/1D agonist, inhibits trigeminal nerve activation; prevents vasoactive peptide release; induces vasoconstriction

Answer 44

Sumatriptan

Question 45

Used for acute migraine, cluster HA attacks

Answer 45

Sumatriptan

Question 46

Sumatriptan toxicity

Answer 46

coronary vasospasm, mild tingling

Question 47

Sumatriptan is contraindications

Answer 47

Coronary artery disease or Prinzmetal Angina