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First Aid Neurology > Neural Blood Vessels > Flashcards

Neural Blood Vessels Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

Mild Global Ischemia

A

Transient confusion, can get complete recovery

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2
Q

Severe Global Ischemia

A

diffuse necrosis of the brain, usually don’t survive

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3
Q

Moderate Global Ischemia

A

Infarcts in watershed areas

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4
Q

Cortical laminar necrosis

A

Pyramidal neurons; Layers 3, 5 &6

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5
Q

Supplies anteromedial surface of brain

A

Anterior Cerebral Artery

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6
Q

Supplies lateral surface of brain

A

Middle Cerebral Artery

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7
Q

Supplies posterior and inferior surfaces of the brain

A

Posterior Cerebral Artery

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8
Q

Primary regulation of cerebral perfusion

A

pCO2

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9
Q

To decrease ICP

A

hyperventilation

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10
Q

CL paralysis of upper limb and face

A

Lesion of MCA in the motor cx area

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11
Q

CL hemiparesis/hemiplegia

A

Lesion lenticulostriate artery of striatum, internal capsul

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12
Q

CL loss of sensation of lower limbs

A

Lesion of ACA of sensory cortex

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13
Q

CL loss of sensation of upper and lower limbs and face

A

Lesion of MCA sensory cortex

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14
Q

CL paralysis of lower limb

A

Lesion of ACA motor cortex

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15
Q

Infarct of paramedian branches of ASA and vertebral arteries

A

Medial Medullary syndrome

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16
Q

CL hemiparesis of upper and lower limbs

A

Lesion of ASA lateral corticospinal tract

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17
Q

Decreased CL proprioception

A

Lesion of ASA medial lemniscus

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18
Q

IL hypoglossal dysfx, tongue deviates IL

A

Lesion of ASA causal medulla (hypoglossal nerve)

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19
Q

Decreased pain and temperature from IL face and CL body; dysphagia, hoarseness, IL Horner Syndrome

A 
Lateral medullary (Wallenberg) Syndrome
PICA
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20
Q

Supplies the Lateral Medulla - vestibular nuclei, lateral spinothalamic tract, spinal trigeminal nucleus, nucleus ambiguus, sympathetic fibers, inferior cerebellar peduncle

A

PICA

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21
Q

Supplies Lateral pons - CN nuclei, cestibular nuclei, facial nucleus, spinal trigeminal nucleus, cochlear nuclei, sympathetic fibers

A

AICA

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22
Q

Supplies Middle and inferior cerebellar peduncles

A

AICA

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23
Q

Infarct of Middle and inferior cerebellar peduncles

A

AICA, causes ataxia and dysmetria

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24
Q

Paralysis of face, decreased lacrimation, salivation, decreased taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue, decreased corneal reflex. IL decreased hearing loss

A

AICA infarct of lateral pons

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25
Supplies occipital Cx and visual cortex
PCA
26
CL hemianopia with macular sparing
PCA infarct
27
Lesion causes "Locked-in syndrome"
Basilar artery - conscious patient that can only blink
28
Aneurysm can cause visual field deficits
ACom
29
Common site of saccular aneurysm, CNIII palsy
PCom - eye is down and out with ptosis and pupil dilation
30
Worst headache of life
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (burst of berry aneurysm)
31
Common location of berry aneurysm
ACom and anterior cerebral artery
32
Diseases associated with berry aneurysm
ADPKD, Ehlers-Danlos, Marfan
33
Associated with chronic HTN affecting small BVs, intracerebral hemorrhage
Charcot-Bouchard Microaneurysm
34
neuropathic pain due to thalamic lesions. Initial sensation of numbness and tinging followed by allodynia
Central post-stroke pain syndrome
35
Rupture of MMA
Epidural hematoma
36
Fracture of temporal bone
Epidural hematoma
37
Hyperdense blood collectioni not crossing suture lines, can cross falx and tentorium
Epidural Hematoma
38
CT shows a biconvex (lentiform) hyperdense blood collection
Epidural Hematoma
39
Transtentorial herniation causing CN III palsy
Epidural Hematoma
40
Bridging Veins
Subdural hematoma
41
Slow venous bleeding, crescent shaped hemorrhage that crosses cuture lines
Subdural hematoma
42
Bloody of yellow (xanthochromic) spinal tap
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
43
Tx with Nimodipine
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
44
Charcot-Bouchard Aneurysm of lenticulostriate vessels
Intraparenchymal (Hypertensive) Hemorrhage
45
Areas of brain most vulnerable to ischemic brain disease
Hippocampus, neocortex, cerebellum, watershed areas
46
Best imaging modality for 3-30min after ischemic brain disease
MRI
47
Best imaging for 12-24hrs after ischemic brain disease
noncontrast CT
48
Histologic features 12-48hrs post brain ischemia
Red neurons
49
Histologic feature 24-72hrs post brain ischemia
Necrosis + Neutrophils
50
Histologic feature 3-5days post brain ischemia
Macrophages
51
Histologic feature 1-2weeks post brain ischemia
Reactive gliosis + vascular proliferation
52
Histologic feature >2 weeks post brain ischemia
Glial Scar
53
Most common site of intracerebral hemorrhage
Basal Ganglia
54
Primary cause of Embolism of Brain
Left heart
55
Most common area for thrombotic infarction
MCA
56
Tx of ischemic stroke in under 3hrs
tPA
57
Brief, reversible episode of focal neurological dysfunction lasting <24hr, (-) MRI
Transient ischemic attack
58
Main location of CSF return via arachnoid granulation
Superior saggital sinus
59
Flow of CSF
Lateral ventricle, 3rd ventricle via right and left interventricular foramina of Monro, 4th ventricle via cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius, Subarachnoid space Via foramina Luschka and Magendie
60
Foramina of Luschka
Drains lateral 4th ventricle
61
Foramen of Magendie
Drains medial 4th ventricle
62
Who need to purchase ear plugs?
Jen-nay

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