Anatomy & Hormones

Question 1

Responsible for the release of chemical transmitters known as hormones

Answer 1

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Question 2

Chemical transmitter substances that regulate & integrate body functions

Answer 2

HORMONES

Question 2

Hormone-like proteins that participate in the inflammatory process

Answer 2

CYTOKINES

Question 2

Give the anterior pituitary hormones (6)

Answer 2

GPTAFL

1. Growth Hormone (GH)
2. Prolactin
3. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
4. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
5. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
6. Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Question 2

Give the specialized hormones produces by the GI system that is important in digestive process (4)

Answer 2

ESCG

1. Enterogastrone
2. Secretin
3. Cholecystokinin
4. Gastrin

Question 2

Hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates bone marrow to produce RBC

Answer 2

ERYTHROPOIETIN

Question 2

Hormones are commanded by _________

Answer 2

HYPOTHALAMUS

Question 2

What are the 10 major glands of the endocrine system?

Answer 2

1. Pineal
2. Hypothalamus
3. Pituitary
4. Thyroid
5. Parathyroid
6. Thymus
7. Adrenal
8. Pancreas
9. Ovary
10. Testes

Question 2

Hormones secreted from this glands are released directly into bloodstream.

Also called “ductless” gland

Answer 2

ENDOCRINE GLAND

Question 2

Glands like sweat glands secrete their products through ducts onto epithelial surfaces or into the GI tract.

Answer 2

EXOCRINE GLANDS

Question 2

What are the 2 structures of the Pituitary Gland? Differentiate

Answer 2

1. Anterior Lobe
   - “Adenohypophysis”
   - Produce and secretes own hormones
2. Posterior Lobe
   - “Neurophypophysis”
   - Stores and release hormones

Question 2

• Known as the “Master Gland” bcs of its control over other glands
• Also called “Hypophysis”
• Located at the base of brain
• Size of a pea
• It is commanded by the hypothalamus

Answer 2

PITUITARY GLAND

Question 2

Give the posterior pituitary hormones (2)

Answer 2

OA

1. Oxytocin
2. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 3

Stimulates growth and cell reproduction

Answer 3

GH

Question 3

Stimulates the adrenal glands for mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids

Answer 3

ACTH

Question 3

Stimulates milk production in females

Answer 3

PROLACTIN

Question 3

Stimulates thyroid gland. Produces T3 and T4

Answer 3

TSH

Question 3

Stimulates the gonads

Answer 3

FSH & LH

Question 3

The primary hormone produced by the thyroid gland. Inactive form

Answer 3

Thyroxine (T4)

Question 3

Also known as vasopressin, it regulates water retention by the kidneys

Answer 3

ADH

Question 3

Typically consist of 4 small glands each size is of a rice grain. Located at the back of the thyroid gland

Answer 3

PARATHYROID GLAND

Question 4

Stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding

Answer 4

OXYTOCIN

Question 4

Gland that regulates (decreases) the calcium levels in blood

Answer 4

Thyroid gland

Question 5

The active form of thyroid hormone, converted from T4 in the body

Answer 5

Triiodothyronine (T3)

Question 5

What hormones are produces by the thyroid gland? (3)

Answer 5

1. Thyroxine (T4) 2. Triiodothyronine (T3) 3. Calcitonin

Question 6

Regulates (decreases) calcium levels in the blood

Answer 6

CALCITONIN

Question 7

What hormones are produced by the Parathyroid gland?

Answer 7

1. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 8

The primary function of this hormone is to increase calcium levels in the blood

Answer 8

PARATHYROID HORMONE (PTH)

Question 9

Gland that is located at the top of each kidney

Answer 9

ADRENAL GLANDS

Question 9

What hormones are produced by the adrenal cortex?

Answer 9

GMA 1. Glucocorticoids = cortisol (regulate metab & stress response) 2. Mineralocorticoids = Aldosterone (regulate electrolyte balance) 3. Androgens - weak male sex hormones

Question 10

2 distinct parts of the adrenal glands

Answer 10

1. Adrenal cortex (outer layer) 2. Adrenal medulla (inner core)

Question 10

Hormones produced by the adrenal medulla

Answer 10

EN 1. Epinephrine - fight or flight 2. Norepinephrine - similar to epi but more focused effects on BP

Question 11

Glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens are released by _____

Answer 11

ADRENAL CORTEX

Question 12

Epinephrine & Norepinephrine are also called ________, and are released by the _______

Answer 12

CATECHOLAMINES; ADRENAL MEDULLA

Question 13

It acts as both exocrine and endocrine gland

Answer 13

PANCREAS

Question 13

Functions of Adrenal Hormones: 1. Regulates metabolism, immune response and stress response 2. Regulates sodium and potassium balance, blood pressure 3. Contribute to secondary sex characteristics 4. Increase heart rate, blood pressure and energy availability

Answer 13

1. Cortisol 2. Aldosterone 3. Androgens 4. Epinephrine & norepinephrine

Question 14

Which hormone is produces in the pancreas secreted by the endocrine gland

Answer 14

- INSULIN - GLUCAGON

Question 14

Hormones from the pancreas are produces by _______

Answer 14

ISLETS OF LANGERHANS

Question 15

What hormones are produced by the pancreas?

Answer 15

IGSP (Igawas sa palengke) 1. Insulin - Lowers blood glucose levels 2. Glucagon - Raises blood glucose levels 3. Somatostatin - Inhibits insulin and glucagon release 4. Pancreatic polypeptides - Regulates pancreatic secretion

Question 15

Cells that produce: 1. Glucagon 2. Insulin 3. Somatostatin

Answer 15

1. Alpha - glucagon 2. Beta - insulin 3. Delta - somatostatin

Question 16

Responsible for the production of eggs (0va) and female sex hormones

Answer 16

OVARIES

Question 17

What are the hormones released by the ovaries?

Answer 17

1. Estrogen - Promotes development of female secondary sex characteristics 2. Progesterone - Prepares the uterus for pregnancy 3. Inhibin - Inhibits FSH secretion from the pituitary

Question 17

Hormone that prepares the uterus for pregnancy

Answer 17

PROGESTERONE

Question 18

Hormone that promotes development of female secondary sex characteristics

Answer 18

ESTROGEN

Question 19

Hormone that inhibits FSH secretion from the pituitary

Answer 19

INHIBIN

Question 20

- located in the upper chest behind the sternum and in front of the heart, between the lungs

Answer 20

THYMUS GLAND

Question 21

Hormone produced by the testes

Answer 21

TESTOSTERONE

Question 22

Hormones produced by the Thymus gland

Answer 22

1. Thymosin 2. Thymopoietin

Question 23

Located in the center of the brain, specifically in the epithalamus, between the two cerebral hemispheres, attached to the roof of the third ventricle

Answer 23

PINEAL GLAND

Question 24

Hormone produced by the pineal gland and its purpose

Answer 24

Melatonin - aids in regulating sleep cycles and mood