Disorders of Thyroid Gland Flashcards

(41 cards)

1
Q

It is the largest endocrine gland

A

THYROID GLAND

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2
Q

Hormone secreted by anterior pituitary gland which influences TSH

A

THYROTROPIN

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2
Q

refers to thyroid hormone production that is normal

A

EUTHYROID

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2
Q
  • Primary screening test for thyroid function
  • Used for monitoring thyroid hormone replacement therapy
  • Differentiates between thyroid gland disorders and pituitary/hypothalamic disorders
A

SERUM THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE (TSH)

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2
Q
  • It measures free (unbound) thyroxine (active fraction)
  • useful in monitoring treatment for hyperthyroidism
A

SERUM FREE T4

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2
Q

Give normal range of T4 and T3

A

T4: 5.4 to 11.5 Ug/dL (57 to 148 mol/L)

T3: 260 to 480 pg/dL (4.0 to
7.4 pmol/L)

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2
Q

Measures total T3 and T4 (protein bound and free hormone levels)

A

SERUM T3 & T4

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2
Q

T/F:

T4 is a more accurate indicator of hyperthyroidism severity than T3

A

TRUE

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2
Q

Normal range of T4 (Thyroxine)

A

0.7 -2.0 mg/dl or 10-20 pmol/L

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2
Q

Normal uptake value of T3 Resin Uptake Test

A

Normal uptake value: 25% to 35%

> 35% (Increased uptake) = HYPERthyroidism

<25% (Decreased uptake) = HYPOthyroidism

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2
Q
  • Indirect measure of unsaturated thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG)
  • Assesses available binding sites for thyroid hormone
A

T3 Resin Uptake Test

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2
Q

These test identifies autoimmune thyroid diseases

A

THYROID ANTIBODY TESTS

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2
Q

Clinical significance of RAIUT

A
  • Hyperthyroidism = increased iodine uptake
  • Hypothyroidism = decreased iodine uptake
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2
Q

Examples of autoimmune thyroid diseases:

A
  1. Hashimoto Thyroiditis
  2. Grave’s disease
  3. Chronic autoimmune thyroid disease
  4. SLE
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3
Q
  • Primary test for evaluating thyroid masses
  • Categorizes results as benign, malignant, suspicious, or nondiagnostic
A

FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION (FNA) BIOPSY

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3
Q

Measures rate of iodine uptake by the thyroid gland

A

RADIOACTIVE IODINE UPTAKE TEST (RAIUT)

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3
Q

What iodine is used in RAIUT?

3
Q

Hypothyroidism present at birth, often linked to maternal thyroid deficiency

A

NEONATAL HYPOTHYROIDISM

4
Q

Specific disorders of the thyroid gland

[SHHT (shit)]

A
  1. SIMPLE GOITER
  2. HYPOTHYROIDISM
    -Myxedema (adults)
    -Cretinism (pedia)
  3. HYPERTHYROIDISM (GRAVE’S DISEASE)
  4. THYROID STORM
4
Q

Hot nodules

A

Hyperfunctioning

4
Q

Cold nodules

A

Hypofunctioning; higher chances of malignancy

4
Q
  • Used to detect persistence or recurrence of thyroid carcinoma
  • Measured by radioimmunoassay
A

Serum Thyroglobulin (Tg) Measurement

5
Q

Meds that may alter thyroid results

A
  1. Amiodarone
  2. Aspirin
  3. Cimetidine (Tagamet)
  4. Phenytoin (Dilantin)
  5. Propranolol (Inderal)
6
Q
  • Enlargement of the thyroid gland and not caused by inflammation or neoplasm
  • Due to decreased iodine intake
A

SIMPLE GOITER

7
- Caused by nutritional iodine deficiency - Most common in “goiter belt” (midwest, northwest, and great lakes region)
ENDEMIC
7
2 categories of simple goiter
1. Endemic - Caused by nutritional iodine deficiency 2. Sporadic - ingestion of large amounts goitrogenic foods/ drugs
8
- Ingestion of large amounts of goitrogenic foods (cabbage, soybeans, rutabagas, peanuts, peaches, peas, strawberries, spinach, radishes) - Genetic defects that prevent synthesis of thyroid hormone - Use of goitrogenic drugs
SPORADIC
9
What belongs to the "goiter belt"?
1. Midwest 2. Northwest 3. Great lakes region
10
Examples of goitrogenic foods
- cabbage, - soybeans, - rutabagas, - peanuts, - peaches, - peas, - strawberries, - spinach, - radishes
11
Examples of goitrogenic drugs
- Propylthiouracil, - large doses of iodine, - phenylbutazone, - para-aminosalicylic acid; - cobalt, - lithium
12
Slowing of metabolic processes caused by hypofunction of the thyroid gland with decreased thyroid hormone secretion
HYPOTHYRODISM
13
Hypothyroidism in adults
MYXEDEMA
13
Hypothyroidism in children
CRETINISM
14
Most common cause of hypothyroidism in adults
Hashimoto's Disease or Autoimmune thyroiditis
15
Classification of Hypothyroidism
1. Primary Hypothyroidism: dysfunction of the thyroid gland 2. Secondary Hypothyroidism: caused by pituitary gland failure 3. Tertiary Hypothyroidism: result of hypothalamic dysfunction 4. Neonatal hypothyroidism: present at birth, often linked to maternal thyroid deficiency 5. Myxedema: a severe life threatening form of hypothyroidism
16
Hypothyroidism due to dysfunction of the thyroid gland
PRIMARY
17
Hypothyroidism caused by pituitary gland failure
SECONDARY
18
Hypothyroidism as a result of hypothalamic dysfunction
TERTIARY
19
a severe life threatening form of hypothyroidism
MYXEDEMA
20
Drug of choice for treatment of Hypothyroidism
LEVOTHYROXINE Typical dose = 75-150 mcg per day
20
Major sign/symptom of hypothyroidism
- COLD INTOLERANCE - Weight gain - Dry skin - Fatigue - Lethargy - Hair thinning