HYPERPARATHYROIDISM / HYPOPARATHYROIDISM

Question 1

It is caused by overproduction of parathormone by the parathyroid glands.

Answer 1

HYPERPARATHYROIDISM

Question 2

benign giant cell tumors may form due to overgrowth of osteoclasts, further compromising integrity

Answer 2

BONE TUMORS

Question 2

What age does hyperparathyroidism commonly occur?

Answer 2

60-70 yr old

Question 3

Which gender does hyperparathyroidism occur commonly?

Answer 3

WOMEN

Question 3

It is characterized by bone decalcification and the development of renal calculi (kidney stones) containing calcium.

Answer 3

HYPERPARATHYROIDISM

Question 3

Main symptom of hyperparathyroidism

Answer 3

Increased calcium in the blood

Question 4

These tests for parathormone are sensitive and can differentiate primary hyperparathyroidism from other causes of hypercalcemia in over 80% of cases.

Answer 4

RADIOIMMUNOASSAYS

Question 5

It causes weakening of the bones due to excess calcium

Answer 5

BONE DEMINERALIZATION

Question 5

It is one of the major complications of hyperparathyroidism

Answer 5

NEPHROLITHIASIS

Question 6

Key indicators for diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism

Answer 6

1. Serum calcium levels
2. Parathormone Concentration
3. Radioimmunoassays

Question 7

Can detect bone changes in advanced disease

Answer 7

XRAY

Question 8

Advanced Diagnostic Techniques (4)

Answer 8

1. Xray
2. Bone scans
3. Ultrasound
4. MRI

Question 9

Useful for identifying areas of increased bone turnover

Answer 9

BONE SCANS

Question 10

Provides detailed images of parathyroid glands and surrounding tissues

Answer 10

MRI

Question 10

Used to evaluate parathyroid gland function and locate abnormalities

Answer 10

ULTRASOUND

Question 11

Used to evaluate parathyroid tissue directly, this procedure can help confirm the diagnosis and determine the nature of parathyroid abnormalities.

Answer 11

FINE NEEDLE BIOPSY

Question 12

This nuclear medicine technique can help localize parathyroid adenomas by showing areas of increased uptake.

Answer 12

THALLIUM SCAN

Question 12

Characterized by elevated calcium and parathormone levels

Answer 12

PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM

Question 13

Specialized diagnostic tests (2)

Answer 13

1. Thallium Scan
2. Fine needle biopsy

Question 14

Can mimic hyperparathyroidism but typically with suppressed parathormone

Answer 14

MALIGNANCY-INDUCED HYPERCALCEMIA

Question 15

the surgical removal of abnormal parathyroid tissue. It is the recommended treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism.

Answer 15

PARATHYROIDECTOMY

Question 16

It is a potential early postoperative complication of parathyroidectomy.

Answer 16

TETANY

Question 16

Decreased renal excretion of phosphate causes _______

Answer 16

HYPOPHOSPHATURIA

Question 16

low serum calcium levels result in _____

Answer 16

HYPOCALCIURIA

Question 17

Clinical manifestations of hypoparathyroidism

Answer 17

1. Latent tetany 2. Overt tetany

Question 18

Are numbness tingling cramps in the extremities stiffness in the hands and feet.

Answer 18

LATENT TETANY

Question 18

the signs include bronchospasm laryngeal spasm carpopedal spasm (flexion of the elbows and wrists extension of the carpophalangeal joints and dorsiflexion of the feet

Answer 18

OVERT TETANY

Question 19

Signs that suggests latent tetany

Answer 19

- Chvostek sign - Trousseau sign

Question 20

Hypocalcemia results to ____

Answer 20

TETANY

Question 21

Preferred medication for hypoparathyroidism

Answer 21

- ERGOCALCIFEROL OR CALCITROL

Question 22

What diuretic is given for pts with hypoparathyroidism to decrease urinary calcium excretion

Answer 22

THIAZIDE DIURETICS

Question 23

Immediate treatment of hypoparathyroidism

Answer 23

IV CALCIUM GLUCONATE

Question 24

Deficiency in parathormone results in (2)

Answer 24

1. Hyperphosphatemia 2. Hypocalcemia In the absence of parathormone, there is decreased intestinal absorption of dietary calcium and decreased resorption of calcium from bone and through the renal tubules.

Question 25

The goal of therapy in hypoparathyroidism is to increase the serum calcium level to______ or (2.2 to 2.5 mmol/L) and eliminate the symptoms of hypoparathyroidism and hypocalcemia.

Answer 25

9 to 10 mg/dl