anatomy muscles lower limb Flashcards
Muscles lower limb
a) m of iliac reg.
b) m of glut. reg
-spf group
-deep group (pelvitrochanteric)
c) m of thigh
-ant. femoral
-med. femoral
-post. femoral
d) m of leg
-ant. crural
-lateral. crural
-post. crural
e) m of foot
-dorsal
-plantar
M. of iliac reg
*main function of gr. is flx
1) Iliopsoas m (iliacus + psoas major)
O; Iliacus-Iliac fossa.
O; Psoas major-v.bra bodies+transv.proc T12-L5
I; they both insert to lesser trochanter
F; flx thigh + both sides contr. raises trunk from lying to sitting
NS; femoral n + fibers from lumbar plx
2) Psoas minor
O; v.bra T12-L1
I; iliopectineal eminence or iliac fascia
F; poor flx of trunk
NS; fibers from lumbar plx
M. of glut region - Superficial gr
Gluteal spf group (4 vöðvar)
1) Gluteus maximus
O; glut surf of iliac ala + lower dorsal p sacrum + coccyx margin
I; glut tuberosity + iliotibial tract
F; ext, ab, sup thigh
NS; inf. glut n
2) Gluteus medius
O; glut.surf of iliac ala
I; gr trochanter
F; ab, pron, sup thigh
NS; sup.glut.n
3) Gluteus minimus
O; glut.surf of iliac ala
I; gr trochanter
F; ab, pron, sup thigh
NS; sup.glut. n
4) Tensor fasciae latae
O; ant.sup iliac spine + anterior outer iliac crest
I; iliotibial tract (lateral tibial condyle)
F: tightens fascia lata femoris + stabilize knee joint in ext.
NS; sup.glut. n
M. of glut region - Superficial gr
Gluteal spf group (4 vöðvar)
1) Gluteus maximus
O; glut surf of iliac ala + lower dorsal p sacrum + coccyx margin
I; glut tuberosity + iliotibial tract
F; ext, ab, sup thigh
NS; inf. glut n
2) Gluteus medius
O; glut.surf of iliac ala
I; gr trochanter
F; ab, pron, sup thigh
NS; sup.glut.n
3) Gluteus minimus
O; glut.surf of iliac ala
I; gr trochanter
F; ab, pron, sup thigh
NS; sup.glut. n
4) Tensor fasciae latae
O; ant.sup iliac spine + anterior outer iliac crest
I; iliotibial tract (lateral tibial condyle)
F: tightens fascia lata femoris + stabilize knee joint in ext.
NS; sup.glut. n
M. of gluteal reg. - Deep gr (pelvitrochanteric)
Gluteal muscles deep gr
1) Piriformis
O; sacrum, pelvic surf
I; gr trochanter
F; sup + ab thigh
2) Obturator internus
O; pelvic/internal surf obturator membr
I; trochanteric fossa
F; sup + ab thigh
3) Gemellus superior
O; ischial spine
I; trochanteric fossa
F; sup thigh
4) Gemellus inferior
O; ischial tuberosity
I; trochanteric fossa
F; sup thigh
5) Quadratus femoris
O; ischial tuberosity
I; intertrochanteric crest
F; sup + add thigh
NS for all 5 muscles; fibers from sacral plx
Flestir supinatorar
M. of thigh - Anterior femoral compartment (2vöðvar)
1) Sartorius
O; ant.sup iliac spine
I; inferomedially tibial tuberosity
F; flx, ab, sup of thigh + flx og pron of leg
NS; femoral n
*tendons of sartorius + gracialis + seminitendinosus
=> pes anserinus (goose foot)
2)Quadriceps femoris (4 hausar)
O; rectus femoris-ant.inf iliac spine
vastus medialis-dorsal fem.shaft(medial lip linea aspera)
vastus lateralis-dorsal fem.shaft(lat. lip linea aspera)
vastus intermedius-ventral surf fem.shaft (undir rectus femoris)
I; tibial tuberosity
F; ext leg
*rectus femoris also helps w flx of thigh
NS; femoral n
—>2 vöðvar í fremsta hólfi
inserta báðir tib.tuberosity
báðir femoral n
M of thigh. - medial femoral m (6vöðvar)
Origin for all m in medial femoral compartment around ext. surf obturator membr (sup/inf pubic ramus, ischial ramus/tuberosity)
Main funct, ADD thigh (en sumir sup eða pron thigh)
Nerve supply for all obturator N
Diploneural muscles;
-pectineus með obturator n og femoral n
-adductor magnus með obturator n og sciatic n
M of thigh. - medial femoral m (6vöðvar)
1) Pectineus
O; pecten of pubis, sup pubic ramus
I; pectineal/spiral line femur
F; add thigh
2) Gracialis (mest medial, alveg beinn)
O; pubis, close to pubic symphysis
I; inferomedially tibial tuberosity
F; add thigh, also helps flx leg
3)Adductor longus
O; pubis, close to pubic symphysis
I; dorsal fem.shaft - medial lip linea aspera
F; add + pron thigh
4) Adductor brevis
O; inf. pubic ramus
I; dorsal fem.shaft - medial lip linea aspera
F; add thigh
5) Adductor magnus
O; inf. pubic ramus + ischial tuberosity
I; dorsal fem.shaft - medial lip linea aspera + adductor tubercle
F; add thigh + weak medial rotation thigh
6) Obturator externus
O; ext.surf obturator membrane
I; trochanteric fossa
F; sup. thigh
M. of thigh - posterior femoral (3vöðvar)
1) Biceps femoris
O: long head - ischial tuberosity
short head - lateral lip linea aspera
I; head of fibula
F; ext thigh, flx leg
NS; sciatic n
2) Seminitendinous m
O; ischial tuberosity
I; inferomedially tibial tuberosity
F; ext thigh, flx leg
NS; sciatic n
3) Seminimembranous
O; ischial tuberosity
I; medial + posterior surf of med.tibial condyle
F; ext thigh, flx leg
NS; sciatic n
(part of seminimembr. inserts into capsule around knee joint)
—> Allir O frá ischial tuberosity
Allir sciatic n
Allir ext thigh, flx leg
M. of leg - Anterior crural (4vöðvar)
1)Tibialis anterior
O; lateral tibial condyle + tibial shaft + inteross.membr
I; medial cuneiform + metatarsal I Base
F; ext (dorsiflx) foot + supination (inversion) foot
NS; deep peroneal n
2) Extensor hallucis longus
O; middle fibula shaft + inteross.membr
I; distal phalanx of hallux
F; ext (dorsiflx) great toe + foot
NS; deep fibular n
3) Extensor digitorum longus
O; prox.fibular shaft + inteross. membr
I: via dorsal digital expansion into toes II-V
F; ext (dorsiflx) toes II-V + foot
NS; deep fibular n
4) Fibularis tertius
O: distal fibular shaft
I; metatarsal V base
F; ext (dorsiflx) foot
NS; deep fibular n
—> Allir deep fibular n (nema tibialis anterior:deep peroneal)
Allir ext (dorsiflx)
Allir frá fibula (nema tibialis anterior;tibial condyle)
M. of leg - Lateral crural compartment
1) Fibularis longus
O; fibular head + proximal p. shaft
I; medial cuneiform + metatarsal I base
F; pron (eversion) foot + plantar flx foot (niður)
NS; spf fibular n
2) Fibularis brevis
O; middle + distal fibular shaft
I: metatarsal V base
F; pron (eversion) foot)
NS; spf fibular n
*both tendons go thru sup. fibular retinaculum
og inf. fibular retinaculum(at fibular trochlea on calcaneus)
M. of leg - Posterior crural compartment DEEP
*Deep group
1) Popliteus
O; lateral femoral condyle
I; post. tibial surf-above soleal line
F; stabilize knee joint
NS; tibial n
2) Tibialis posterior
O; tibia + fibula + inteross.membr
I; navicular bone + medial cuneiform
F; plantar flx + supination (inversion) foot
NS; tibial n
3) Flexor hallucis longus;
O; fibula + inteross.membr
I; distal phalanx á hallux
F; flx gr.toe + foot
NS; tibial n
4) Flexor digitorum longus
O; tibia + inteross. membr
I; plantar surf. of distal phalanges toes II-V
F: flx toes II-V + foot
NS; tibial n
—> Allir tibial n
M. of leg - posterior crural compartment SUPERFICIAL
*superficial group of posterior compartment
1) Triceps surae
O; gastrocnemius medial head - medial fem.condyle
gastrocnemius lateral head - lateral fem.condyle
soleus - soleal line tibia
I; via calcaneal tendon to calcaneal tuberosity
F; plantar flx foot.
Gastrocnemius also flx of leg
NS; tibial n
2) Plantaris
O; lateral epicondyle femur
I; fuses w calcanea tendo
F; weak flx leg
NS; tibial n
*soleus liggur undir plantaris
M. of foot - Dorsal m of foot
1) extensor digitorum brevis
O; dorsally calcaneus
I; dorsally middle+distal phalanges toes II-V
F; ext toes II-IV
NS; deep fibular n
2) Extensor hallucis brevis
O; dorsally calcaneus
I; dorsally proximal phalanx
F, ext great toe
NS; deep fibular n
m. of foot - plantar muscles of foot (intermediate middle gr)
1) Flexor digitorum brevis
O; calcaneus
I; middle phalanges of toes II-V
F; flx toes II-V
NS; tibial n
2) Quadratus plantae
O; calcaneus
I; tendon of flexor digitorum longus
F; assist in flx of toes II-V
NS; tibial n
3) Lumbricals 1st-4th
O; tendons of flexor digitorum longus
I; dorsal digital expansion of toes II-V
F; flx in metatarsophalangeal joints + ext in interphalangeal joints toes II-V
NS; tibial n
4) Dorsal interossei
O; adj. sides of metatarsals I-V
I; prox phalanges II-IV
F; ab toes
NS; tibial n
5) Plantar interossei
O; medial og lateral sides of metatarsals III-V
I; prox phalanges of toes III-V
F; ad toes
NS; tibial n
