pelvic floor + related structures Flashcards
Terms
*Pelvis; skel. ring, formed by hip bones + sacrum
–> the cavity therein
(and even the entire region, where trunk + lower limbs meet)
*Pelvic cavity: a body cavity, that is bounded by bones of the pelvis
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
A) False pelvis (greater pelvis):
-bounded on either side by ilium
-in front, it’s incomplete, wide interval milli ant.borders of ilia
(expanded portion of the cavity, sit. above+infront of pelvic brim)
*function:
-supports intestines (spec. ilium og sigmoid colon), og
transmits p. of their weight to the ant. abd wall.
B) True pelvis (lesser pelvis)
-lumbar. v.bra (posteriorly)
-iliac fossa og iliacus muscle (laterally)
-lower p. of abd.wall (anterioly)
*function: true pelvis contains—>
pelvic colon, rectum, bladder + some reprod. organs
-in female uterus + vagina
pelvic inlet vs outlet
- pelvic inlet:
ant. space, closed by pelvic brim - pelvic oulet:
opening bound by coccyx + ischial tuberosities.
pelvis
-Fascia is cont. superiorly w visceral pelvic fascia
and inferiorly cont. w perineal fascia.
Laterally obturator fascia.
-Pelvic diaphragm separates pelvis from perineum.
-The diaphragm consists of Levator Ani m + coccygeus m
+ their superior/inferior investing fasciae.
-Inferior to pelvic diaphragm, the perineal membrane +
perineal body contribute to the pelvic floor.
The pelvis (lesser pelvis)
-pelvic walls formed by bones + muscles
‘pelvic bones: pubis, body of ilium, ischium, sacrum, coccyx
1)) Muscles of the pelvis (of lateral + dorsal wall)
–> Obturator internus og Piriformis
2)) Muscles of pelvic floor (Pelvic diaphragm)
–> Levator ani m og Coccygeus m (aka ischiococcygeus)
P.diaphragm (lateral+dorsal walls)
A) Piriformis:
O; pelvic surf of middle 3 sacral v.bra
–> leaves pelvis thru gr. sciatic foramen
I: gr. trochanter femur
F: lateral rotator of femur at hip joint
–N.supply sacral plx
p.diaphragm (lateral og dorsal wall)
Obturator internus
O: inner surf of obturator membrane
I; medial border, greater trochanter
Function: it’s fascia gives att. to some of the fibers of
levator ani
M. of pelvic floor (p.diaphragm)
1. levataor ani***
2. coccygeus (aka ischiococcygeus)
1) Levator ani
Broad muscular sheet, variable thickness,
att to internal surf of true pelvis,
and forms large part of pelvic floor.
-The muscle is subdiv. into names, acc to their attachment
and their related pelvic viscera.
Levator Ani
Levator ani skiptist í 3 hluta—>
1) pubococcygeus 2) iliococcygeus
3) puborectalis
Levator ani - pubococcygeus
Pubococcygeus
O: pubic bone, post surf
I: Median raphe - perineal body and coccyx
-úr three parts:
1) puboperinealis
2) pubovaginalis/puboprostaticus
3) puboanalis
Levator ani - Iliococcygeus
O: obturator fascia, tendinous arch, ischial spine
I: Coccyx, medial raphe=perineal body
*Iliococcygeal p. is below/anterior to the att. of
coccygeus (ischiococcygeus).
*Most posterior fibers are att. to tip of sacrum/coccyx,
EN fibers from either side fuse at anococcygeal raphe
=> forming supportive shelf:
rectum, uterus and upper vagina rest there
puborectalis
a part of levator ani
-u shaped sling
-part of anal spinchter complex
puborectalis
a part of levator ani
-u shaped sling
-part of anal spinchter complex
(external anal spinchter derived from
levator prostaticus/vaginalis and puborectalis)
perineum and perineal body
-Perineum lies inferior to pelvic floor, milli lower limbs
-imaginary line milli ischial tuberosities, divides it into–>
A) urogenital triangle (anteriorly)
-contains roots of ext. genitals. In women the openings of urethra and vagina
B) anal triangle (posteriorly)
-contains anal aperture
*Perineal body:
-lower part of rectovesical septum in male
-lower part of rectovaginal septum in female
perineum and perineal body
-Perineum lies inferior to pelvic floor, milli lower limbs
(the most inferior part of the pelvic outlet)
-imaginary line milli ischial tuberosities, divides it into–>
A) urogenital triangle (anteriorly)
-contains roots of ext. genitals. In women the openings of urethra and vagina
B) anal triangle (posteriorly)
-contains anal aperture
*Perineal body: (=median raphe)
-lower part of rectovesical septum in male
-lower part of rectovaginal septum in female
*Perineal body frh:
irregular fibromuscular mass.
-at the junction milli urogenital and anal triangles (central point of perineum)
-has skel+smooth muscle, collagenous+elastic fibers
-it lies just deep to the skin
-is point of att. for muscle fibers of=>
a) levator ani
b) bulbiospongiosus
c) ext. anal spinchter
d) ext. urethral spinchter
*In women: tear resistant milli vagina og ext.anal spinchter
*In men: milli bulb of penis and anus
Coccygeus m
O: ischial spine
I: sacrum og coccyx
F: helps levator ani close the pelvic outlet
ns; sacral plx
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
Fasciae of the pelvis-pelvic fascia
*fascia of the muscles—> parietal fascia
*fascia of the pelvic organs—> visceral fascia
