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MSK > Anatomy Of Leg, Ankle And Foot > Flashcards

Anatomy Of Leg, Ankle And Foot Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomically what is the leg?

A

Knee joint to ankle joint

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2
Q

What is the proximal tibiofibular joint and the distal tibiofibular joint?

A

Joints where the fibula articulates with the tibia

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3
Q

What bone is the lateral mallelous located on?

A

Distal end of fibula

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4
Q

What bone is the medial malleolus located on?

A

Distal end of tibia

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5
Q

Where is the tibial tuberosity located?

A

Proximal anterior surface of tibia

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6
Q

Where is the Soleal line located?

A

Runs obliquely on superior posterior side of tibia

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7
Q

Where is the pes anserinus?

A

Proximalmedial tibia

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8
Q

What are the 3 categories of bones in the foot?

A

Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges

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9
Q

What are the tarsal bones of the foot?

A

Talus
Calcaneus (heel bone)
Navicular
Cuboid
Cuneiforms (Medial, intermediate and lateral)

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10
Q

Describe the organisation of the tarsal bones:

A

Talus articulates with medial and lateral malleoli (true ankle joint)
Calcaneus is large is most posterior (inferior to talus)
Navicular is on MEDIAL side
Cuneiforms articulate with navicular
Cuboid on lateral side of foot

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11
Q

What are the metatarsals?

A

Join between the tarsal bones and phalanges
1st metatarsal = metatarsal of big toe
5th metatarsal = metatarsal of little toe

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12
Q

What are the articulations of metatarsal 1,2,3,4, and 5 with the tarsal bones (tarsometatarsal joints)?

A

1st metatarsal with medial cuneiform
2nd metatarsal with intermediate cuneiform
3rd metatarsal with lateral cuneiform
4th metatarsal with cuboid
5th metatarsal with cuboid

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13
Q

How many phalanges does the great toe have and how many phalanges does the other 4 have?

A

Great toe = 2 phalanges
2,3,4,5th digit = 3 phalanges

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14
Q

What are the joints between the metatarsals and the proximal phalanges called?

A

Metatarsophalangeal joints

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15
Q

What is the joint between the talus and calcaneus called?

A

Talocalcaneal joint

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16
Q

What is the joint between the calcaneus and the cuboid bone called?

A

Calcaneocuboid joint

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17
Q

What are the joints between the metatarsals called?

A

Intermetatarsal joints

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18
Q

What are the joints called between the tarsals and metatarsals?

A

Tarsometatarsal joints

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19
Q

What is the main joint of the ankle responsible for dorsiflexion and plantar Flexion?

A

Talorcrural joint/proper ankle joint

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20
Q

What is the Talocrural joint?

A

Joint between distal fibula (lateral malleolus) distal tibia (medial malleolus) and the talus

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21
Q

What is the main joint responsible for Eversion and inversion?

A

Subtalar joint

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22
Q

What is toe Flexion?

A

Toe scrunch

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23
Q

What is toe extension?

A

Toes lift up

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24
Q

What is toe ABduction?

A

Toes move away from midline

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25
Q

Which ligaments of the ankles limit inversion and get injured in excess inversion?

A

Lateral ligaments

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26
Q

Which ligaments of the ankles limit eversion and get injured in excess eversion?

A

Medial ligaments

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27
Q

What are the superficial posterior compartment muscles of leg?

A

Gastrocnemius (lateral and medial head)
Plantaris
Soleus

28
Q

Where do the 3 superficial posterior compartment muscles insert?

A

Calcaneus (calcaneal tuberosity)
All blend to form Achilles tendon

29
Q

What is the function of the superficial posterior leg compartment muscles?

A

All plantarflexors
Gastrocnemius also flexes knee

30
Q

What are the 4 deep posterior compartment muscles of the leg?

A

Tibialis posterior
Flexor Digitorium longus
Flexor Hallucis longus

31
Q

What makes up the boundaries of the tarsal tunnel?

A

Flexor retinaculum (roof) runs between medial malleolus (tibia) and medial tubercle of CALCANEUS

32
Q

What is retinaculum?

A

Fibrous tissue that attaches from 1 bone tot another preventing bowing of tendons

33
Q

Pneumonic for remember order of tendons passing into tarsal tunnel?

A

Tom Dick And Very Nervous Harry

34
Q

What are the muscles that insert at the calcaneal tuberosity forming the Achilles tendon?

A

Gastrocnemius
Plantaris
Soleus

35
Q

What are the anterior compartment muscles of the leg?

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor Hallucis longus
Extensor Digitorium longus

36
Q

Pneumonic for remembering the order of muscles MEDIAL to LATERAL for the anterior leg?

A

THuD
u stands for nothing

Tom Had a very Deformed Face
Tibialis anterior
Extensor Hallucis longus
Extensor Digitorum longus
Fibularis tertius (if present)

37
Q

What nerve innervates all of the anterior compartment of leg muscles?

A

Deep fibular nerve (branch of common fibular nerve)

38
Q

What is the function of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Dorsiflexion (all)
Toe extension (2)
Some inversion some eversion

39
Q

Where is Fibularis tertius?

A

Sometimes present in anterior compartment coming from the extensor digitorium

Active in dorsiflexion and Eversion

40
Q

What are the 2 muscles of the dorsum of the foot that only do toe extension?

A

Extensor Digitorium Brevis
Extensor Hallucis Brevis

41
Q

Where do extensor Hallucis brevis and extensor Digitorium brevis originate?

A

Anterior aspect of calcaneus

42
Q

Where do extensor Digitorium brevis and Hallucis brevis insert?

A

Digitorium = 2,3,4,5 to
Hallucis = 1

43
Q

Where is the superior extensor retinaculum?

A

Around the front of the inferior tibiofibular joint

44
Q

What is the role of the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Eversion of foot

45
Q

Where does Fibularis longus originate and insert?

A

Origin = superior lateral tibia
Insert = 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform

46
Q

What is the origin and insertion of Fibularis brevis?

A

Origin = lower part of fibular shaft

Insertion = 5th metatarsal

47
Q

What 3 joints are included in the ankle joint?

A

Talocrurual joint
Subtalar joint
Inferior tibiofibular joint

48
Q

When is the ankle joint most stable, dorsiflexion or Plantarflexion?

A

Dorsiflexion

49
Q

What are the medial ligaments of the ankle collectively called?

A

Deltoid ligaments

50
Q

What are the 4 branches of the deltoid ligaments and which one is the largest triangular/deltoid shaped one?

A

Anterior tibiofibular part
Posterior tibiofibular part
Tibionavicular ligament
Tibiocalcaneal ligament (Largest triangular)

51
Q

What motion do the deltoid (medial) ligaments limit?

A

Eversion (anterior tibiotalor, tibionavicular and tibicalcaneal)
Plantarflexion (Tibionavicular)
Dorsiflexion (Posterior deltoid ligament)

52
Q

Where do all of the medial ligaments of foot (deltoid) originate from?

A

Medial malleolus (tibia)

53
Q

What are the lateral ligaments of the ankle joint?

A

Calcaneofibular ligament
Posterior talofibular ligament
Anterior talofibular ligament

(Posterior tibiofibular ligament and anterior tibiofibular ligament are not actually part of the ankle joint but important for stability)

54
Q

Where do the 3 lateral ankle joint ligaments originate?

A

Fibula
(Lateral malleolus)

55
Q

What is the joint capsule made up of?

A

Synovial membrane
Posterior, medial and lateral talocalcaneal ligaments

56
Q

What are the 3 arches of the foot?

A

Medial longitudinal arch
Lateral longitudinal arch
Transverse arch

57
Q

What forms and maintains the lateral longitudinal arch? (bones and muscle)

A

Calcaneus, cuboid and metatarsals 4 and 5, with contraction of Fibularis brevis

58
Q

What bones form the medial longitudinal arch of the foot?

A

Calacaneus
Talus
Navicular
3 cuneiforms
Medial 3 metatarsals

59
Q

What ligament helps maintain the medial longitudinal arch?

A

Calcaneonavicular ligament

60
Q

Which muscles maintain the integrity of the medial longitudinal arch?

A

Tibialis anterior + Fibularis longus (MAIN MUSCLES)
Tibialis posterior
Flexor Hallucis longus

61
Q

What bones form the transverse arch?

A

Base of metatarsals
Cuboid
3 cuneiforms

62
Q

What muscles support the transverse arch?

A

Fibularis longus
Tibialis posterior

63
Q

What other non muscle supports does the transverse arch have?

A

Plantar ligaments
Plantar aponeurosis

64
Q

What is plantar aponeurosis?

A

A modified deep fascia that goes in and splits joining to the 5 metatarsals from the calcaneus

65
Q

Where can the Dorsalis pedis pulse be found?

A

About the midline of the dorsal surface of the foot just lateral to where extensor Hallucis longus inserts it’s tendon to the big toe

66
Q

Where can the posterior tibial artery pulse be felt?

A

Posterior and just slightly below the medial malleolus of the foot

67
Q

What structure is the posterior tibial artery in in the foot at the point we are finding its pulse?

A

The Tarsal tunnel

MSK (36 decks)

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