Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK > Anatomy Of Lumbar Spine > Flashcards

Anatomy Of Lumbar Spine Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different types of vertebrae making up the spine in descending order?

A

Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
Coccyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many Thoracic vertebrae are there?

A

12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many sacral vertebrae are there?

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many Coccygeal vertebrae are there?

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is special about the 5 sacral vertebrae?

A

Fused together to form Sacrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is special about the coccygeal vertebrae?

A

Fused together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the function of the spine?

A

Protects spinal cord
Bears weight
Locomotion
Posture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a function of the vertebral body of a vertebra?

A

Site of Haematopoiesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What genes signal the development of somites?

A

HOX genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do somites form?

A

Sclerotomes
Dermatomyotomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the primary curvature of the spine formed in the embryo?

A

Concave structure with the head facing forwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 2 primary curvatures of the spine?

A

Thoracic spine
Sacrum

Called Kyphosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is meant by the primary curvature of the spine?

A

Curvature formed at birth
Called Kyphosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is meant by secondary curvatures?

A

Curvature not present at birth but develop through life
Called Lordosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 2 secondary curvatures of the spine? (Lordosis)

A

Convex curvature of cervical spine

Convex curvature of lumbar spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How does the Cervical curvature of the spine form? (Lordosis)

A

When we can hold our head by ourself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How does the lumbar curvature of the spine form? (Lordosis)

A

When we learn to walk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are some vertebral column disorders?

A

Scoliosis
Lordosis
Kyphosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is Scoliosis?

A

Lateral curvature of the spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is Lordosis?

A

Secondary curvature of Lumbar spine and Cervical spine which are formed after birth

Cervical Lordosis when we can hold our heads
Lumbar Lordosis when we learn to walk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is Kyphosis?

A

Primary curvatures of the spine which are formed before birth

Thoracic kyphosis
Sacrum kyphosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the 2 main parts of a vertebra?

A

Ventral/anterior vertebral body
Posterior vertebral arch

25
Q

What is the bony structure that joins the vertebral body to the posterior arch?

A

Pedicles

26
Q

What is the hole between the vertebral body and arch called?

A

Vertebral foramen

27
Q

When vertebrae are stacked on top of each other, what do the vertebral foramina form and what does it contain?

A

Spinal canal

Spinal cord
Cauda equina

28
Q

On the vertebral arch, what is the part called which sticks out posteriorly?

A

Spinous process

29
Q

What 2 components come together to form the spinous process?

A

Lamina

30
Q

Of the lumbar spine, how does the size of the lumbar vertebral bodies change as you descend the spine and why?

A

They get bigger

Increase their weight bearing ability

31
Q

What are the superior and inferior articular processes?

A

Allows articulation with vertebra above and below
Fascet joints

32
Q

What are the outward protrusions on theposterior vertebral arch called and what is their function?

A

Transverse process
Site of muscle attachment

33
Q

How do cervical vertebrae differ to lumbar vertebrae?

A

Have holes in their transverse processes

34
Q

How are C1 and C2 specially structured vertebrae?

What is their function?

A

C1 = No vertebral body + massive vertebral foramen

C2 = has an extra structure called a dens (like a tooth)

Allows for rotation

35
Q

How are thoracic vertebrae structured?

A

More triangle vertebral body
More circular vertebral Foramen
Also have articular surfaces/facet joint where they join to the ribs

36
Q

How are lumbar vertebrae structured?

A

More triangle vertebral foramen
Round kidney bean shaped vertebral body

37
Q

What are the intervertebral foramina?

A

Holes by which spinal nerves (dorsal root + ventral root) leave the spinal canal

38
Q

What is the cartilage called between the vertebral bodies?

A

Intervertebral discs

Hyaline cartilage line end of bones, then articulates with intervertebral disc

39
Q

What are the 2 parts to an intervertebral disc and how are they situated?

A

Nucleus pulposus (Central)

Annulus fibrosis (Peripherally/surrounding nucleus pulposus)

40
Q

Why is it bad for surrounding nerves if the nucleus pulpsosus comes into contact with it when it tears?

A

It has an acidic environment

41
Q

Why does healing of the intervertebral discs take so long?

A

Avascular (Poor blood supply)

42
Q

What is the facet joint?

A

Synovial joint between inferior facet/articular process of 1 vertebra and the superior facet/articular process of the vertebra inferior to it

43
Q

What are the features of a synovial joint?

A

Hyaline cartilage
Joint capsule
Synovial fluid

44
Q

How are the facet joints orientated in the lumbar vertebra?

A

90º to transverse plane
45º to coronal plane

So basically diagonally outwards

45
Q

What is Flexion and extension of the spine?

A

Flexion = bending forward
Extension = bending backwards

46
Q

What is lateral Flexion and lateral extension?

A

Instead of bending backwards bend to the side (LATERAL FLEXION)

Lateral extension = Bending body back to middle

47
Q

What other movements other than Flexion and extension does the spine allow?

A

Rotation of head and neck

Rotation of upper trunk

48
Q

What are the 5 different ligaments of the vertebrae?

A

Supraspinous ligament
Interspinous ligament
Ligamentum flavum
Posterior longitudinal ligament
Anterior longitudinal ligament

49
Q

Where is the supraspinous ligament found?

A

Running on the spinous processes joining them together

50
Q

Where is the interspinous ligament?

A

Joins the superior and inferior aspects of the spinous process/arch lamina

51
Q

Where is the ligamentum flavum?

A

Forms posterior part of spinal canal

52
Q

Where is the posterior longitudinal ligament?

A

Forms anterior part of spinal canal
Running along the posterior aspect of all the vertebral bodies

53
Q

Where is the anterior longitudinal ligament?

A

Front of the spinal canal

54
Q

If looking at the vertebrae list the order of the most anterior ligament to posterior ligament:

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament
Posterior longitudinal ligament
Ligamentum flavum
Interspinous ligament
Supraspinous ligament

55
Q

What sacral spinal nerves contribute to the lumbosacral plexus forming the sciatic?

A

S1
S2
S3

56
Q

What runs through the canal inferiorly through the canal of the sacrum?

A

Cauda equina

57
Q

When looking at an anterior posterior view of the spine what are we checking lines up?

A

The owl eyes (Dark spots of the pedicles)

The owl beaks (Spinous processes)

58
Q

When looking at a spinal xray from the side on (longitudinal) what are you checking aligns?

A

Vertebral bodies
No steps

59
Q

Why are T2 images good at viewing the spine (MRI)?

A

White is paler/white

Can see how hydrated intervertebral discs are

Can see the CSF very clearly

MSK (36 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions