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MSK > MSK Dissection 2 - Hip And Posterior Thigh And Gluteal Region > Flashcards

MSK Dissection 2 - Hip And Posterior Thigh And Gluteal Region Flashcards

1
Q

How many superficial gluteal muscles are there?

A

4

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2
Q

What are the 4 superficial gluteal muscles?

A

Gluteus Maxiumus
Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Minimus
Tensor Fascia Latae

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3
Q

Out of the 4 superficial gluteal muscles which muscle covers the other muscles?

A

Gluteus maximus

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4
Q

Out of the 4 gluteal muscles which muscle is the most lateral?

A

Tensor Fascia Latae

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5
Q

What nerve innervates Gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve

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6
Q

What nerve innervates Gluteus Medius, Gluteus Minimus and Tensor Fascia Latae?

A

Superior Gluteal nerve

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7
Q

Where is the origin of gluteus maximus?

A

Posterior aspect of iliac crest

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8
Q

Where is the 3 insertion points of gluteus maximus?

A

Iliotibial band
Greater trochanter of femur
Gluteal tuberosity

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9
Q

Where is the origin of gluteus medius?

A

Gluteal surface of ilium (Between anterior and posterior gluteal lines)

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10
Q

Where is the insertion point of gluteus medius?

A

Lateral aspect of greater trochanter of femur

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11
Q

What is the origin of gluteus minimus?

A

Gluteal surface of ilium (between anterior and inferior gluteal lines)

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12
Q

What is the insertion point of gluteus minimus?

A

Anterior aspect of greater trochanter of femur

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13
Q

Where do Gluteus Maximus, medius and minimus all originate?

A

Gluteal surface of ilium

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14
Q

What is the job of gluteus maximus?

A

Hip extensor
Helps lateral rotation

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15
Q

What is the job of gluteus medius and minimus?

A

ABduction
Medial/internal rotation

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16
Q

What factors stabilise the hip?

A

Acetabulum is deep cup shaped
Acetabulum labrum deeps acetabulum
The Capsule
Ligamentum teres (Ligament around the head of femur)
Extracapsular ligaments
Muscles around hip joint

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17
Q

What is the deep fascia of the thigh called?

A

Fascia lata

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18
Q

Where does the iliotibial tract (IT band) run from and to?

A

Iliac crest
Lateral tibial condyle (This is the proximal part of the tibia, No condyles on distal aspect)

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19
Q

Where does tensor fascia Latae originate?

A

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine

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20
Q

Where does Tensor Fascia Latae insert?

A

Between the 2 layers of the Iliotibial band (into IT band)

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21
Q

What is the role of Tensor Fascia Latae?

A

Stabilises hip in extension (pulls on IT band)
Helps stabilise the kness
Assist gluteus medius and minimus in ABduction of hip

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22
Q

Generally what is the function of the superficial gluteal muscles?

A

ABductions
Thigh extension

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23
Q

What is the general function of the deep gluteal muscles?

A

External rotaters of femur

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24
Q

What are the 5 deep gluteal muscles going from proximal to head to most distal?

A

Piriformis
Superior Gemellus
Obturator Internus
Inferior Gemellus
Quadratus femoris

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25
Q

What occurs with Superior Gluteal Nerve injury?

A

Nerve supples the ABductors of the hip (Gluteus Medius and Minimus)
So if damaged, if person stands on 1 leg on damaged nerve side, that hip rises causing tilted pelvis

Called Trendelenburg sign

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26
Q

What emerges inferior to the Piriformis?

A

Sciatic nerve

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27
Q

What is the function of Piriformis?

A

External rotation
ABduction

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28
Q

What nerve supplies Piriformis?

A

Nerve to Piriformis

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29
Q

What separates the superior and inferior Gemellus?

A

Obturator internus tendon

30
Q

Where does the superior Gemellus originate?

A

Ischial spine

31
Q

Where does the inferior Gemellus originate?

A

Ischial tuberosity

32
Q

Where does the superior and inferior Gemellus insert?

A

Greater trochanter of femur (posterior)

33
Q

Where does Piriformis originate?

A

Anterior surface of sacrum

34
Q

Where does Piriformis insert?

A

Greater trochanter of femur

35
Q

Where does Obturator Internus originate?

A

Obturator membrane (medial surface)

Obturator membrane fills Obturator foramen

36
Q

Where does Obturator internus insert?

A

Greater trochanter of femur (Posterior)

37
Q

Where does Quadratus Femoris originate?

A

Ischial tuberosity

38
Q

Where does Quadratus Femoris insert?

A

Intratrochanteric crest (quadrate tubercle)

39
Q

What is the function of Quadratus femoris?

A

External rotator of thigh

40
Q

What is the nerve supply to the Superior Gemellus and the Obturator Internus?

A

Nerve to Obturator Internus

41
Q

What is the nerve supply to Inferior Gemellus and Quadratus Femoris?

A

Nerve to Quadratus Femoris

42
Q

What are the 4 muscles of the Posterior thigh?

A

Biceps Femoris Long Head
Biceps Femoris Short Head
Semitendinosis
Semimembranosis

43
Q

Which of the hamstring muscles is most medial?

A

SemiMembranosis

M = Medial

44
Q

How does the position of Semimembranosis compare to that of semitendonosis?

A

More medial
More deep

45
Q

Which muscle is most lateral of the hamstrings?

A

Biceps femoris

46
Q

How does the position of the short head of biceps femoris compare to the long head?

A

Short head sits more deep than long head

47
Q

The hamstring muscles all have the same origin except the short head of biceps femoris, what is the origin of Semimembranosis, semitendonosis and biceps femoris (Long head)?

A

Ischial tuberosity

48
Q

What nerve supplies semimembranosis, semitendonosis and long head of biceps femoris?

A

Tibial division of sciatic nerve

49
Q

Where does the short head of biceps femoris originate?

A

Linea Aspera

50
Q

What innervates the short head of biceps femoris?

A

Common fibular division of sciatic nerve

51
Q

What is the function of biceps femoris?

A

Knee Flexion
Extension of thigh at hip
Externally rotates hip and knee

52
Q

Where does biceps femoris insert?

A

Head of fibula

53
Q

Where does semitendonosis insert?

A

Medial aspect of tibia

54
Q

What is the function of semitendonosis?

A

Flex leg at knee joint
Extend thigh at hip
internally rotates thigh at hip
Medically rotates leg at knee

55
Q

Where does semimembranosis insert?

A

Medial tibial condyle

56
Q

What is the function of semimembranosis?

A

Flexes leg at knee
Extends thigh at hip
Medially rotates thighs at hip
Medially rotates leg at knee

57
Q

Where does the sacrospinous ligament run between>

A

Sacrum and Ischial spine

58
Q

Where does the sacrotuberous ligament run between?

A

Sacrum and Ischial tuberosity

59
Q

What ligament marks the inferior boundary of the greater sciatic foramen?

A

Sacrospinous ligament

60
Q

Which ligament marks the superior boundary of the greater sciatic foramen?

A

Anterior sacroiliac ligament

61
Q

Where are the sacroiliac ligaments located?

A

Found reinforcing the sacroiliac joint

62
Q

The greater sciatic foramen is divided into 2, which muscle is responsible for this division?

A

Piriformis

63
Q

What bony landmark marks the inferior boundary of the greater sciatic foramen?

A

Ischial spine

64
Q

Which ligament forms the posterior boundary of the lesser sciatic foramen?

A

Sacrotuberous ligament

65
Q

What is the Foramen in the greater sciatic foreman SUPERIOR of the Piriformis muscle called?

A

Suprapiriform foramen

66
Q

What is the Foramen in the greater sciatic foreman INFERIOR of the Piriformis muscle called?

A

Infrapiriform foramen

67
Q

Where does the superior gluteal nerve enter the gluteal region?

A

Above/superior to Piriformis

68
Q

Where does the superior gluteal nerve leave the pelvis?

A

Via the greater sciatic foramen

69
Q

Where does the inferior gluteal nerve leave the pelvis?

A

Through the greater sciatic foramen

70
Q

Where does the inferior gluteal nerve enter the gluteal region?

A

Inferior/below piriformis

71
Q

What passes through the suprapiriform foramen?

A

Superior gluteal nerve
Superior gluteal vein and artery

72
Q

What passes through the infrapiriform Foramen?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve, artery and vein
SCIATIC NERVE
Nerve to Obturator internus
Nerve to Quadratus Femoris
Pudendal nerve
Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

MSK (36 decks)

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