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MSK > Elbow Joint > Flashcards

Elbow Joint Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joint is the elbow joint?

A

Hinge-type synovial joint

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2
Q

What bones are articulating in the elbow joint?

A

Distal humerus and proximal radius and ulna

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3
Q

What movements are done t the elbow joint?

A

Flexion
Extension

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4
Q

What movements can happen at the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

Pronation
Supination

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5
Q

What are the 2 parts of the condyles on the anterior side of the distal humerus?

A

Capitulum
Trochlea

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6
Q

Which side of the condyle on the anterior distal humerus is the capitulum?

A

Lateral side

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7
Q

What does the capitulum articulate with?

A

Radius

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8
Q

Which side of the condyle on the anterior distal humerus is the trochlea?

A

Medial side

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9
Q

What does the trochlea articulate with?

A

Ulna

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10
Q

What is the fossa superior to the capitulum?

A

Radial fossa

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11
Q

What is the fossa superior to the trochlea called?

A

Coranoid fossa

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12
Q

What articulates with the Coranoid fossa above the trochlea of the humerus?

A

Coranoid process of the ulnar

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13
Q

What is the large fossa on the posterior aspect of the distal humerus called and what articulates here?

A

Olecranon fossa

Olecranon of ulnar (limits movement)

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14
Q

What is the bony part of the elbow which you can feel called?
What bone is this on?

A

Olecranon
Ulna

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15
Q

What is the smooth articular surface on the lateral aspect of the proximal ulna called?

A

Radial notch

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16
Q

What is the large smooth curved articular surface on the proximal ulna called?

A

Trochlear notch

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17
Q

What does the round head of the radius articulate with?

A

Capitulum of humerus

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18
Q

What are the 3 ligaments of the elbow joint?

A

Radial collateral ligament
Ulnar collateral ligament
Annular ligament

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19
Q

Where does the radial collateral ligament run from and to?

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus to radius

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20
Q

Where does the ulnar collateral ligament run from and to?

A

Medial epicondyle to ulnar

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21
Q

Where is the Annular ligament?

A

Around the head of the radius

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22
Q

What structure do the 3 ligaments of the elbow joint blend with to provide further strength and stability?

A

The joint capsule

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23
Q

What can happen if the annular ligament is underdeveloped in kids?

A

Radius may slip out (“Pulled elbow”)

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24
Q

What position is the elbow joint most stable in?

A

When fully flexed or full extended

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25
Q

What 3 features contribute to the the stability of the elbow joint?

A

Ligaments
Bony articulations
Muscles

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26
Q

What articulation prevents hyper extension of the elbow?

A

Olecranon of ulnar articulates with Olecranon fossa of radius

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27
Q

What articulation prevents hyper Flexion of the elbow?

A

Coranoid process of anterior ulnar articulates with Coranoid fossa

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28
Q

What muscle adds stability to the elbow?

A

Anconeus
Sits around elbow joint

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29
Q

What are the 2 main bursae of the elbow joint?

A

Subtendinous bursa
Subcutaneous/Olecranon bursa

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30
Q

Where is the subtendinous bursa of the elbow located?

A

Between the Triceps tendon and Olecranon (ulnar)

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31
Q

What is the function of the subtendinous bursa?

A

Reduce friction between the triceps tendon and Olecranon during Flexion and extension

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32
Q

Where is the subcutaneous/Olecranon bursa located?

A

Superficial to the Olecranon of ulnar in the subcutaneous tissue

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33
Q

What is the function of the subcutaneous/Olecranon bursa?

A

Helps when leaning on the elbow

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34
Q

What are the 3 main flexors of the elbow?

A

Biceps brachii (anterior arm)
Brachialis (anterior arm)
Brachioradialis (posterior forearm)

BBB

35
Q

What are the origins of the 2 heads of biceps brachii?

A

Long head = supraglenoid tubercle (tendon goes through intertubercular groove)

Short head = Coracoid process

36
Q

What are the 2 insertions of biceps brachii?

A

Come to 1 tendon which inserts into Bicipital aponeurosis and also the radial tuberosity

37
Q

What anterior arm muscle is the most superficial?

A

Biceps brachii

38
Q

What is the origin of Brachialis?

A

Anterior aspect of humerus

39
Q

Where does Brachialis inert?

A

Ulnar tuberosity

40
Q

What innervates biceps brachii and Brachialis (anterior compartment muscles)?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

41
Q

Where is Brachialis with respect to biceps brachii?

A

Beneath biceps brachii

42
Q

What compartment is the Brachioradialis from in the arm?

A

Posterior compartment

43
Q

What is the origin of Brachioradialis?

A

Supraepicondyar ridge of humerus

44
Q

What is the insertion of Brachioradialis?

A

Distal end of radius just proximal to the radial styloid process

45
Q

What is the function of Brachioradialis?

A

Flexion (mid-pronated position aka the beer raising muscle)

46
Q

What is the innervation of Brachioradialis?

A

Radial nerve

47
Q

What muscles do elbow extension?

A

Triceps brachii

48
Q

What are the names of the 3 heads of the triceps brachii?

A

Long head
Medial head
Lateral head

49
Q

Which head of the triceps brachii is the most medial?

A

Long head of triceps

50
Q

What is the origin of the long head of triceps?

A

Infraglenoid tubercle of the Scapula

51
Q

What is the origin of the Medial head of triceps?

A

Shaft of humerus below radial groove

52
Q

What is the origin of the Lateral head of triceps?

A

Shaft of humerus above radial groove

53
Q

Where do the 3 heads of triceps brachii all insert?

A

Olecranon

54
Q

What is the extra functon of the long head of triceps?

A

Weak extensor of the arm (crosses shoulder joint)

55
Q

What compartment of the arm are the triceps brachii located in?

A

Posterior arm compartment

56
Q

What is the innervation of the triceps brachii?

A

Radial nerve

57
Q

At what joint does pronation and supination occur?

A

Proximal radio-ulnar joint

58
Q

Which bone rotates around which at the proximal radio-ulnar joint to cause pronation and supination?

A

Radius rotates around ulnar
Ulnar is fixed in place

59
Q

What are the majority of the forearm muscles innervated by?

A

Median nerve

60
Q

What are the 2 exceptions to the rule of the median nerve innervating the majority of the forearm muscles?

What are these muscles innervations?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris
Ulnar half of Flexor Digitorum Profundus

61
Q

What are the 4 superficial anterior compartment muscles of the forearm?

A

Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris

62
Q

Where do all of the superficial anterior forearm muscles originate from?

A

Medial epicondyle

63
Q

What is the intermediate anterior compartment muscle of the forearm?

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

64
Q

What is the origin for flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Medial epicondyle

65
Q

What is the insertion of flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Middle phalanges of 4 fingers

66
Q

What are the 3 deep compartment muscles of the anterior forearm?

A

Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator Quadratus

67
Q

What is the superior border of the cubital fossa?

A

Imaginary line between lateral and medial epicondyle so

68
Q

What is the medial border of the cubital fossa?

A

Pronator teres

69
Q

What is the lateral border of the cubital fossa?

A

Brachioradialis

70
Q

What is the contents of the cubital fossa?

A

biceps Tendon
brachial Artery
median Nerve

Sometimes Radial nerve

71
Q

How can you get a peripheral pulse from the cubital fossa?

A

Get patient to flex elbow so you can find the biceps tendon
Then go medially to palpate the brachial artery

72
Q

How does the radial nerve travel around the elbow area?

A

Travels anteriorly to lateral epicondyle, once it passes this it returns to the posterior forearm supplying it

73
Q

How does the ulnar nerve run around the elbow area?

A

Passes posterior to medial epicondyle and goes into anterior forearm

74
Q

What is the arterial vasculature starting from the most proximal point of the upper limb to the distal forearm?

A

Subclavian artery —> Axillary artery —> Brachial artery (2 branches = ulnar artery and radial artery)

75
Q

At what point does the subclavian artery become the Axillary artery?

A

Once subclavian artery has passed 1st rib = Axillary artery

76
Q

When does the Axillary artery become the brachial artery?

A

Once Axillary artery passes the inferior border of teres major

77
Q

When does the brachial artery branch into the radial artery and ulnar artery?

A

Once it passes through the cubital fossa

78
Q

What arteries branch from the Axillary artery supplying the proximal humerus/head?

A

Anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries

79
Q

What does the profunda brachii artery run through?

A

Radial groove

80
Q

What is the vein on the lateral/radial side of the upper limb?

A

Cephalic vein

81
Q

How can you remember the cephalic vein is on the radial side?

A

Cephalic looks like ceiling
When you do a thumbs up this vein faces the ceiling

82
Q

What is the vein on the proximal half of the ulnar side of the arm?

A

Axillary vein

83
Q

What is the vein on the distal half of the ulnar side of the arm?

A

Basilic vein

84
Q

How can you remember the Basilic vein is on the medial/ulnar side?

A

When you do a thumbs up this vein is on the base of the upper limb
B is for base

MSK (36 decks)

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