Elbow Joint

Question 1

What type of joint is the elbow joint?

Answer 1

Hinge-type synovial joint

Question 2

What bones are articulating in the elbow joint?

Answer 2

Distal humerus and proximal radius and ulna

Question 3

What movements are done t the elbow joint?

Answer 3

Flexion
Extension

Question 4

What movements can happen at the proximal radioulnar joint?

Answer 4

Pronation
Supination

Question 5

What are the 2 parts of the condyles on the anterior side of the distal humerus?

Answer 5

Capitulum
Trochlea

Question 6

Which side of the condyle on the anterior distal humerus is the capitulum?

Answer 6

Lateral side

Question 7

What does the capitulum articulate with?

Answer 7

Radius

Question 8

Which side of the condyle on the anterior distal humerus is the trochlea?

Answer 8

Medial side

Question 9

What does the trochlea articulate with?

Answer 9

Ulna

Question 10

What is the fossa superior to the capitulum?

Answer 10

Radial fossa

Question 11

What is the fossa superior to the trochlea called?

Answer 11

Coranoid fossa

Question 12

What articulates with the Coranoid fossa above the trochlea of the humerus?

Answer 12

Coranoid process of the ulnar

Question 13

What is the large fossa on the posterior aspect of the distal humerus called and what articulates here?

Answer 13

Olecranon fossa

Olecranon of ulnar (limits movement)

Question 14

What is the bony part of the elbow which you can feel called?
What bone is this on?

Answer 14

Olecranon
Ulna

Question 15

What is the smooth articular surface on the lateral aspect of the proximal ulna called?

Answer 15

Radial notch

Question 16

What is the large smooth curved articular surface on the proximal ulna called?

Answer 16

Trochlear notch

Question 17

What does the round head of the radius articulate with?

Answer 17

Capitulum of humerus

Question 18

What are the 3 ligaments of the elbow joint?

Answer 18

Radial collateral ligament
Ulnar collateral ligament
Annular ligament

Question 19

Where does the radial collateral ligament run from and to?

Answer 19

Lateral epicondyle of humerus to radius

Question 20

Where does the ulnar collateral ligament run from and to?

Answer 20

Medial epicondyle to ulnar

Question 21

Where is the Annular ligament?

Answer 21

Around the head of the radius

Question 22

What structure do the 3 ligaments of the elbow joint blend with to provide further strength and stability?

Answer 22

The joint capsule

Question 23

What can happen if the annular ligament is underdeveloped in kids?

Answer 23

Radius may slip out (“Pulled elbow”)

Question 24

What position is the elbow joint most stable in?

Answer 24

When fully flexed or full extended

Question 25

What 3 features contribute to the the stability of the elbow joint?

Answer 25

Ligaments Bony articulations Muscles

Question 26

What articulation prevents hyper extension of the elbow?

Answer 26

Olecranon of ulnar articulates with Olecranon fossa of radius

Question 27

What articulation prevents hyper Flexion of the elbow?

Answer 27

Coranoid process of anterior ulnar articulates with Coranoid fossa

Question 28

What muscle adds stability to the elbow?

Answer 28

Anconeus Sits around elbow joint

Question 29

What are the 2 main bursae of the elbow joint?

Answer 29

Subtendinous bursa Subcutaneous/Olecranon bursa

Question 30

Where is the subtendinous bursa of the elbow located?

Answer 30

Between the Triceps tendon and Olecranon (ulnar)

Question 31

What is the function of the subtendinous bursa?

Answer 31

Reduce friction between the triceps tendon and Olecranon during Flexion and extension

Question 32

Where is the subcutaneous/Olecranon bursa located?

Answer 32

Superficial to the Olecranon of ulnar in the subcutaneous tissue

Question 33

What is the function of the subcutaneous/Olecranon bursa?

Answer 33

Helps when leaning on the elbow

Question 34

What are the 3 main flexors of the elbow?

Answer 34

Biceps brachii (anterior arm) Brachialis (anterior arm) Brachioradialis (posterior forearm) BBB

Question 35

What are the origins of the 2 heads of biceps brachii?

Answer 35

Long head = supraglenoid tubercle (tendon goes through intertubercular groove) Short head = Coracoid process

Question 36

What are the 2 insertions of biceps brachii?

Answer 36

Come to 1 tendon which inserts into Bicipital aponeurosis and also the radial tuberosity

Question 37

What anterior arm muscle is the most superficial?

Answer 37

Biceps brachii

Question 38

What is the origin of Brachialis?

Answer 38

Anterior aspect of humerus

Question 39

Where does Brachialis inert?

Answer 39

Ulnar tuberosity

Question 40

What innervates biceps brachii and Brachialis (anterior compartment muscles)?

Answer 40

Musculocutaneous nerve

Question 41

Where is Brachialis with respect to biceps brachii?

Answer 41

Beneath biceps brachii

Question 42

What compartment is the Brachioradialis from in the arm?

Answer 42

Posterior compartment

Question 43

What is the origin of Brachioradialis?

Answer 43

Supraepicondyar ridge of humerus

Question 44

What is the insertion of Brachioradialis?

Answer 44

Distal end of radius just proximal to the radial styloid process

Question 45

What is the function of Brachioradialis?

Answer 45

Flexion (mid-pronated position aka the beer raising muscle)

Question 46

What is the innervation of Brachioradialis?

Answer 46

Radial nerve

Question 47

What muscles do elbow extension?

Answer 47

Triceps brachii

Question 48

What are the names of the 3 heads of the triceps brachii?

Answer 48

Long head Medial head Lateral head

Question 49

Which head of the triceps brachii is the most medial?

Answer 49

Long head of triceps

Question 50

What is the origin of the long head of triceps?

Answer 50

Infraglenoid tubercle of the Scapula

Question 51

What is the origin of the Medial head of triceps?

Answer 51

Shaft of humerus below radial groove

Question 52

What is the origin of the Lateral head of triceps?

Answer 52

Shaft of humerus above radial groove

Question 53

Where do the 3 heads of triceps brachii all insert?

Answer 53

Olecranon

Question 54

What is the extra functon of the long head of triceps?

Answer 54

Weak extensor of the arm (crosses shoulder joint)

Question 55

What compartment of the arm are the triceps brachii located in?

Answer 55

Posterior arm compartment

Question 56

What is the innervation of the triceps brachii?

Answer 56

Radial nerve

Question 57

At what joint does pronation and supination occur?

Answer 57

Proximal radio-ulnar joint

Question 58

Which bone rotates around which at the proximal radio-ulnar joint to cause pronation and supination?

Answer 58

Radius rotates around ulnar Ulnar is fixed in place

Question 59

What are the majority of the forearm muscles innervated by?

Answer 59

Median nerve

Question 60

What are the 2 exceptions to the rule of the median nerve innervating the majority of the forearm muscles? What are these muscles innervations?

Answer 60

Flexor carpi ulnaris Ulnar half of Flexor Digitorum Profundus

Question 61

What are the 4 superficial anterior compartment muscles of the forearm?

Answer 61

Pronator teres Flexor carpi radialis Palmaris longus Flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 62

Where do all of the superficial anterior forearm muscles originate from?

Answer 62

Medial epicondyle

Question 63

What is the intermediate anterior compartment muscle of the forearm?

Answer 63

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Question 64

What is the origin for flexor digitorum superficialis?

Answer 64

Medial epicondyle

Question 65

What is the insertion of flexor digitorum superficialis?

Answer 65

Middle phalanges of 4 fingers

Question 66

What are the 3 deep compartment muscles of the anterior forearm?

Answer 66

Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor pollicis longus Pronator Quadratus

Question 67

What is the superior border of the cubital fossa?

Answer 67

Imaginary line between lateral and medial epicondyle so

Question 68

What is the medial border of the cubital fossa?

Answer 68

Pronator teres

Question 69

What is the lateral border of the cubital fossa?

Answer 69

Brachioradialis

Question 70

What is the contents of the cubital fossa?

Answer 70

biceps Tendon brachial Artery median Nerve Sometimes Radial nerve

Question 71

How can you get a peripheral pulse from the cubital fossa?

Answer 71

Get patient to flex elbow so you can find the biceps tendon Then go medially to palpate the brachial artery

Question 72

How does the radial nerve travel around the elbow area?

Answer 72

Travels anteriorly to lateral epicondyle, once it passes this it returns to the posterior forearm supplying it

Question 73

How does the ulnar nerve run around the elbow area?

Answer 73

Passes posterior to medial epicondyle and goes into anterior forearm

Question 74

What is the arterial vasculature starting from the most proximal point of the upper limb to the distal forearm?

Answer 74

Subclavian artery —> Axillary artery —> Brachial artery (2 branches = ulnar artery and radial artery)

Question 75

At what point does the subclavian artery become the Axillary artery?

Answer 75

Once subclavian artery has passed 1st rib = Axillary artery

Question 76

When does the Axillary artery become the brachial artery?

Answer 76

Once Axillary artery passes the inferior border of teres major

Question 77

When does the brachial artery branch into the radial artery and ulnar artery?

Answer 77

Once it passes through the cubital fossa

Question 78

What arteries branch from the Axillary artery supplying the proximal humerus/head?

Answer 78

Anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries

Question 79

What does the profunda brachii artery run through?

Answer 79

Radial groove

Question 80

What is the vein on the lateral/radial side of the upper limb?

Answer 80

Cephalic vein

Question 81

How can you remember the cephalic vein is on the radial side?

Answer 81

Cephalic looks like ceiling When you do a thumbs up this vein faces the ceiling

Question 82

What is the vein on the proximal half of the ulnar side of the arm?

Answer 82

Axillary vein

Question 83

What is the vein on the distal half of the ulnar side of the arm?

Answer 83

Basilic vein

Question 84

How can you remember the Basilic vein is on the medial/ulnar side?

Answer 84

When you do a thumbs up this vein is on the base of the upper limb B is for base