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MSK > Anatomy Of The Shoulder Joint > Flashcards

Anatomy Of The Shoulder Joint Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 main bones of the shoulder joint?

A

Clavicle
Scapula
Humerus

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2
Q

What are the 4 joints that make up the shoulder complex?

A

Sternoclavicular joint
Acromioclavicular joint
Glenohumeral joint
Scapulothoracic joint

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3
Q

What 2 joints of the shoulder complex make up the shoulder girdle?

A

Sternoclavicular joint
Acromioclavicular joint

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4
Q

What is the Sternoclavicular joint?

A

Where the sternum meets the clavicle

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5
Q

What is the Acromioclavicular joint?

A

Where the Acromium of the scapula meets the clavicle

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6
Q

What type of joint is the Sternoclavicular joint?

A

Synovial joint
Saddle type joint

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7
Q

The Sternoclavicular joint is highly mobile, why is dislocation rare?

A

Very strong ligament

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8
Q

What type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Synovial joint
Plane type joint

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9
Q

What is the function of the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Helps move scapula around rib cage in protraction and retraction

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10
Q

What ligaments give the acromioclavicular joint lots of strength?

A

Coracoclavicular ligaments

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11
Q

What is the Scapulothoracic joint?

A

Not an actual bony articulation
Where scapula floats over the thorax

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12
Q

What is the Glenohumeral joint?

A

The head of the humerus in the Glenoid fossa of the scapula

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13
Q

Why is the Glenohumeral joint considered unstable?

A

The head of the humerus is relatively large so only a small portion of it is accepted into the glenoid fossa (shallow)

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14
Q

What helps reduce the instability of the Glenohumeral joint?

A

Glenoid labrum

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15
Q

What is the Glenoid labrum and its function?

A

Ring of Fibrocartilage that helps deepen the glenoid fossa maximising the amount of articulating surface area of the humeral head in the glenoid fossa

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16
Q

Where does the tough but loose fibrous joint capsule of the Glenohumeral joint run from?

A

The rim of the glenoid cavity glenoid labrum to the anatomical neck of the humerus and dips medially down to surgical neck of humerus

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17
Q

What reinforces the loose fibrous capsule of the Glenohumeral joint?

A

Glenohumeral ligaments

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18
Q

What ligament prevents the superior displacement of the humerus?

A

Coracoacromial ligament

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19
Q

What is the structure called that the coracoacromio ligament forms which prevents the superior displacement of the humerus?

A

Osseoligamentus arch

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20
Q

What is the technical term for describing the movement the shoulder does with shrugging and then relaxing?

A

Shrug = Elevation

Relaxing = Depression

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21
Q

What is another way of describing retracting of the shoulders/scapula?

A

ADduction

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22
Q

What is another way of describing protracting of the shoulders/scapula?

A

ABduction

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23
Q

What is the most superficial back muscle and what is its function?

A

Trapezium/trapezius/trapezoid

Rotates scapula

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24
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the trapezium?

A

Origin = Ligamentum Nuchae + Skull + Spinous processes C7 - T12

Insertion = Clavicle + Acromium and scapular spine of scapula

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25
Q

What is the origin of the levator scapulae?

A

Transverse processes of C1-C4

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26
Q

What is the insertion of the Levator scapulae?

A

Inner/medial border of the scapula

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27
Q

What is the origin of Rhomboid minor?

A

C7-T1 transverse process

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28
Q

What is the origin of rhomboid major?

A

T2-T5

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29
Q

Where do both the rhomboid major and rhomboid minor insert?

A

Medial border of scapula

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30
Q

What movement does rhomboid major and rhomboid minor allow for?

A

Retraction

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31
Q

What innervates both rhomboids (major and minor) and the Levator Scapulae?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

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32
Q

What are the main movements that the Glenohumeral joint allow for?

A

Flexion + Extension
Abduction + Adduction
Medial + Lateral rotation

33
Q

What parts of the joint capsule of the Glenohumeral joint are lax allowing for movement?

A

Anterior and inferior parts

34
Q

How many intracapsular ligaments are there in the joint capsule of the Glenohumeral joint?

A

3

35
Q

What are the 3 intracapsular ligaments of the Glenohumeral joint?
(Not visible from outside capsule)

A

Superior Glenohumeral Ligament (SGHL)

Middle Glenohumeral Ligament (MGHL)

Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament (IGHL)

36
Q

Where do the 3 intracapsular ligaments (SGHL, MGHL and IGHL) run from and to?

A

Glenoid labrum to the Humerus

37
Q

Which part of the fibrous joint capsule do the intracapsular ligaments reinforce and therefore prevent dislocation in which direction?

A

Anterior part of capsule
Prevents anterior dislocation

38
Q

What are the 3 extracapsular ligaments of the shoulder joint?

A

Coracoacromial ligament (CAL)

Coracohumeral ligament

Transverse humeral ligament

39
Q

Where does the coracoacromial ligament (CAL) run between?

A

Acromion (scapula) and coracoid process (scapula)

40
Q

Where does the Coracohumeral ligament run between?

A

Base of coracoid process (Scapula) to anterior part of greater tubercle (humerus)

41
Q

What is the function of the corcoacromial ligament and the Coracohumeral ligament?

A

Prevent upward displacement of joint

42
Q

Why is the coracoacromial ligament significant?

A

Forms coraco-acromial arch which prevents superior dislocation of the humeral head

43
Q

Where does the Transverse humeral ligament run between?

A

Sits across bicipital/intertubercular groove

44
Q

Where is the intertubercular/bicipital groove?

A

On humerus between the greater and lesser tubercles

45
Q

What is the function of the transverse humeral ligament?

A

Holds the tendon of the long head of biceps in place in the intertubercular groove during shoulder movement

46
Q

What is the Coraco-Acromial arch?

A

Strong Osteo-Ligamentous structure composed of:
-Coracoacromial ligament
-Acromion
-Coracoid process

Overlies humeral head prevent upper displacement of the humerus

47
Q

What are the 4 muscles that blend with the joint capsule to the humerus to strengthen the capsule?

A

Rotator cuff muscles:
-Supraspinatus
-Infraspinatus
-Teres minor
-Subscapularis

48
Q

How do the rotator cuff muscles stabilise the shoulder joint?

A

Their tone helps hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity

49
Q

What is a bursa?

A

A fluid filled sac found between two moving surfaces that contains lubricating fluid

50
Q

What are 2 clinically important shoulder joint bursae?

A

Subacromial bursa
Subscapular bursa

51
Q

What is the function of the subacromial bursa?

A

Reduce friction underneath deltoid allowing for free motion of rotator cuff tendons

52
Q

What is subacromial bursitis and how does this present?

A

Inflammation of the subacromial bursa

Shoulder pain

53
Q

Where is the subacromial bursa?

A

Below acromion and deltoid

54
Q

Where is the subcoracoid bursa?

A

Below coracoid process

55
Q

Where is the subscapular process?

A

Between scapular and Subscapularis tendon

56
Q

What is the function of the subscapular bursa?

A

Reduce friction/wear and tear of the Subscapularis tendon

57
Q

What muscle does internal rotation of Glenohumeral joint?

A

Teres minor (axial nerve)

58
Q

What 4 muscles contribute to internal rotation of the Glenohumeral joint?

A

Sternal head of Pectoralis major (Medial and Lateral pectoral nerves)
Subscapularis (Upper + Lower subscapular nerves)
Teres major (Lower subscapular nerve)
Latissimus dorsi (Thoracodorsal nerve)

59
Q

What is the origin of the Sternal head of Pectoralis major?

A

Originates from the anterior surface of the sternum, the superior six costal cartilages and the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle.

60
Q

What is the origin of Latissimus dorsi?

A

Lower part of the trunk of the back:
T6-T12 spinous processes, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and the inferior three ribs.

61
Q

What is the insertion of Latissimus dorsi?

A

Fibres converge into tendon inserts at Intertubercular groove

62
Q

What muscles are involved of Abduction of the shoulder joint?

A

Supraspinatus (initiates)
Deltoid (takes it to 90º)
Trapezius (upper fibres) and serratus anterior (rotate scapula)

63
Q

What joint does rotation of the scapula for shoulder abduction happen at?

A

Scapulothoracic joint

64
Q

What is the origin of the Deltoid?

A

Lateral 1/3 of clavicle
Acromion (scapula)
Spine of scapula

65
Q

Where does the deltoid insert?

A

Deltoid tuberosity on the Humerus

66
Q

What innervates the deltoid?

A

Axial nerve

67
Q

What muscles do Adduction of the shoulder joint?

A

Pectoralis major (medial and lateral pectoral nerves)
Latissimus dorsi (thoracodorsal nerve)
Teres major (lower subscapular)
Coracobrachialis

68
Q

What innervates coracobrachialis?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

69
Q

What innervates Latissimus dorsi?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

70
Q

What does extension of the shoulder joint (moving arms behind us)?

A

Deltoid (posterior fibres)
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major
Long head of triceps (Radial nerve)

71
Q

What innervates long head of triceps?

A

Radial nerve

72
Q

What is the origin of the clavicular head of Pectoralis major?

A

Anterior surface of medial clavicle

73
Q

What is the insertion of the clavicular head of Pectoralis major?

A

Intertubercular groove with sternal costal head of Pectoralis major

74
Q

What does Flexion at the shoulder joint?

A

Clavicular head of Pectoralis major
Anterior fibres of Deltoid
Coracobrachialis
Biceps brachii

75
Q

What are both the coracobrachialis and biceps brachii innervated by?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

76
Q

What is the blood supply to the shoulder joint?

A

Anterior and Posterior humeral arteries
Suprascapular artery

77
Q

What artery does the brachial artery come from?

A

Subclavian artery

78
Q

What is the nerve supply to the shoulder joint?
(Think Hiltons law)

A

Axial nerve
Suprascapular
Lateral pectoral nerves

79
Q

What innervates infraspinatus?

A

Suprascapular nerve

MSK (36 decks)

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