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MSK > MSK Basic Concepts > Flashcards

MSK Basic Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 major components of the Musculoskeletal system?

A

Bones (joints)
Muscles
Connective tissues

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2
Q

What are the functions of bone?

A

Support
Protection
Metabolic (Ca2+ and PO4 3-)
Storage (Yellow)
Movement
Haematopoiesis

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3
Q

What is the function of skeletal muscle?

A

Locomotion
Posture
Metabolic (glycogen store))
Venous return (Muscles squeezing blood in veins)
Heat production
Continence (not shitting yourself)

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4
Q

What is the function of a tendon?

A

Connects muscle to bone so force of muscle can move bone

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5
Q

What is the function of a ligament?

A

Attaches bone to bone, supports bone attachment to bone

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6
Q

What is fascia and what is its function?

A

Sheets of connective tissue
Functions:
- Compartmentalisation
-Protection

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7
Q

What is the function of articular cartilage?

A

Decreases friction, covers ends of bones where they meet each other

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8
Q

What is the function of Fibrocartilage?

A

Shock absorption
Increases bony joining

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9
Q

What is the function of the synovial membrane?

A

Secretes synovial fluid for the joint which lubricates it

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10
Q

What is a bursa and what is its function?

A

Fluid filled pillows of synovial fluid which protects tendon, ligaments from friction

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11
Q

How is bone a connective tissue?

A

Cells (osteocytes/blasts/clasts, fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, adipocytes)

ECM which is mineralised with calcium phosphate (Fibres - collagen and elastic, Ground substance is water GAGS, Pgs)

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12
Q

What is a foramina?

A

A hole in a bone which blood vessels or nerves pass through

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13
Q

What is Avascular necrosis?

A

Death of the bone as a result of a loss of blood supply to the bone

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14
Q

What is special about the blood supply to bones in childhood?

A

The epiphysis and diaphysis have separate blood supplies

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15
Q

What happens to the blood supply once the epiphyseal plate has fused stopping growth?

A

Bone only has 1 blood supply

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16
Q

What is the function of a joint?

A

Connects bone to one another

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17
Q

How does Range of movement at a joint relate to its stability?

A

Higher the stability lower the range of motion
Lower the stability higher the range of motion

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18
Q

The risk of what increases with a higher range of motion?

A

Dislocation

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19
Q

How many classifications of joints are there?

A

3

20
Q

What are the 3 classifications of joints?

A

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

21
Q

List the joint with the highest stability to lowest stability?

A

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

22
Q

Where are fibrous joints found and what feature joins the bones together?

A

Found joining the skull bones together
Have very limited mobility

COLLAGEN FIBRES JOINING THE BONES

23
Q

How do cartilaginous joints join bones and where are they found?

A

They act as glue holding bones together
Found at ends of growing bones or along midlin eof adult body

24
Q

Where are primary cartilaginous joints found?

A

In growing bones

25
Q

Where are secondary cartilaginous joints found?

A

In adults

26
Q

Describe a synovial joint:

A

Bones capped with articular cartilage with synovial fluid between them.
Capsule surrounds this

27
Q

What are the 6 types of synovial joint?

A

Plane
Hinge
Pivot
Saddle
Condyloid
Ball and socket

28
Q

How does a synovial joint develop?

A

Essentially an interruption in the cartilage model of the bone

Chondrocytes in the middle die and the Perichondrium becomes periosteum

29
Q

Describe a 1st class lever:

A

Fulcrum in the middle
Effort and load on either side

30
Q

Describe a 2nd class lever:

A

Load in the middle with effort and fulcrum on either side

31
Q

Describe a third class lever`:

A

Effort in the middle and fulcrum and load either side

32
Q

What is the origin of a muscle?

A

THe fixed proximal attachment point

33
Q

What is the insertion point of a muscle?

A

The mobile distal attachment point

34
Q

Do muscles only push or pull?

A

PULL NEVER PUSH

35
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle contraction?

A

Concentric contraction
Eccentric contraction
Isometric contraction

36
Q

What is concentric contraction?

A

Muscle pulls while shortening

37
Q

What is eccentric contraction?

A

Muscle pulls while lengthening (trying to bicep curl a weight that’s too heavy)

38
Q

What is isometric contraction?

A

Muscle pulls while staying same length (trying to carry a heavy load)

39
Q

What surrounds a group of muscle?

A

Fascia

40
Q

What is a group of muscles surrounded by fascia called?

A

A fascial compartment

41
Q

What do the muscles in a compartment normally share?

A

Nerves and blood vessels

42
Q

Why do tendons and ligaments heal slowly/

A

They have a poor blood supply since they are packed with so much collagen

43
Q

What are aponeurosis?

A

A flattened sheet like tendon

44
Q

What is Hilton’s idea?

A

A nerve supplying a muscle acting on a joint will be sensory to the at joint and the skin overlying it

45
Q

Is the body segmented?

A

Yes

46
Q

What genes regulate body segmentation?

A

Hox genes

47
Q

What type of connective tissue is a tendon?

A

Dense regular connective tissue

MSK (36 decks)

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