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Y1 - MSK > MSK Dissection 4 - Lower Leg, Ankle And Foot > Flashcards

MSK Dissection 4 - Lower Leg, Ankle And Foot Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

What are the anterior leg muscles?

A

Tibialis Anterior
extensor Hallucis longus
extensor Digitorium longus

Fibularis tertius (Not present in all individuals)

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2
Q

What is the function of the anterior leg muscles?

A

Dorsiflex ankle
Invert foot

2 also extend toes

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3
Q

Which 2 muscles in the anterior compartment as well as ankle Dorsiflexion and inversion carry out toe extension?

A

Extensor Hallucis longus
Extensor Digitorium longus

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4
Q

Where does extensor Digitorium longus insert?

A

Dorsal surface of distal phalanges of digits 2,3,4 and 5

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5
Q

Where does extensor Hallucis longus insert?

A

Distal phalange of dorsal surface of the big toe (digit 1)

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6
Q

Where does Fibularis Tertius insert if its present?

A

Dorsal surface of the fifth metatarsal

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7
Q

What Pneumonic can be used to remember the anterior leg muscles running from MEDIAL to LATERAL?

A

THuD
Tibialis anterior
extensor Hallucis longus
extensor Digitorium longus

(Sometimes Fibularis tertius)

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8
Q

What nerve innervates all of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Front of leg = deep Fibular nerve

F for front and fibular

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9
Q

Where does Tibialis anterior originate?

A

Lateral surface of Tibia

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10
Q

Where does Tibialis anterior insert?

A

Dorsum of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform

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11
Q

Where does Extensor Digitorium longus originate?

A

Lateral tibial condyle
Medial fibular
Introsseous membrane

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12
Q

Where does extensor Hallucis longus originate?

A

Medial surface of fibular shaft

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13
Q

Where does Fibularis tertius originate?

A

Medial surface of fibula

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14
Q

List the anterior leg muscles in order of most superficial to deep:

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor Digitorium longus
Extensor Hallucis longus

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15
Q

Where does Fibularis tertius usually arise from?

A

The inferior part of extensor Digitorium longus if its present

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16
Q

What is the blood supply to the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Anterior Tibial artery

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17
Q

What are the 2 muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis

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18
Q

What is the role of the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Eversion of ankle

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19
Q

What is the innervation of the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Superficial fibular nerve

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20
Q

Which lateral leg muscle is the most superficial?

A

Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis deep to longus

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21
Q

Where does Fibularis longus originate?

A

Lateral surface of fibula

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22
Q

Where does the tendon of Fibularis longus insert?

A

Tendon goes behind lateral malleolus (fibula) to the medial side of the foot attaching to the plantar surface of the first metatarsal and medial cuneiform

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23
Q

Where does Fibularis brevis originate?

A

Inferolateral surface of fibular shaft

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24
Q

Where does the tendon of Fibularis brevis insert?

A

Moves posterior to lateral malleolus deep to Fibularis longus tendon and inserts in tubercles on base of 5th metatarsal

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25
What are the 2 compartment within the posterior compartment of the leg?
Superficial posterior compartment Deep posterior compartment
26
What is the function of the posterior compartment of the leg?
Plantarflexion Inversion (Some are knee flexors)
27
What is the innervation of all of the posterior compartment of the leg?
Tibial division of sciatic nerve/Tibial nerve
28
What are the 3 muscles of the superficial posterior compartment of the leg?
Gastrocnemius Plantaris (not present in everybody) Soleus
29
What is the pneumonic to remember the 3 superficial muscles of the posterior leg from most superficial to deep if plantaris IS present?
GPS Gastrocnemius Plantaris Soleus
30
What is the blood supply to the posterior leg?
Posterior tibial artery Posterior tibial vein (away)
31
What are the 2 parts to gastrocnemius?
Lateral head of gastrocnemius Medial head of gastrocnemius
32
What muscles of the posterior leg blend together to form the Achilles tendon/calcaneal tendon?
Gastrocnemius (Lateral and medial heads) Plantaris Soleus
33
Where does the lateral head of gastrocnemius originate?
Lateral femoral condyle
34
Where does the medial head of gastrocnemius originate?
Medial femoral condyle
35
What is the function of gastrocnemius as well as being a plantarflexor of the ankle and why?
Knee flexor Cross both the knee and ankle joint
36
What is the origin of plantaris?
Lateral supracondylar line of femur
37
Where does Soleus originate?
Soleal line of tibia
38
What are the muscles of the deep posterior compartment of the leg?
Tibialis posterior flexor Digitorium longus flexor Hallucis longus Popliteus
39
Where is popliteus located in the deep posterior compartment of the leg?
Superior potion posterior to the knee Forms part of the floor of the popliteal fossa
40
What is the function of the popliteus?
Laterally rotates femur unlocking knee joint
41
What is the origin and insertion of popliteus?
Origin = Tibia above Soleal line Insertions = lateral femoral condyle
42
When looking at the posterior leg, what pneumonic is used to remember the order that structures are seen from MOST MEDIAL to LATERAL?
Tom Dick And Very Nervous Harry Tibialis posterior flexor Digitorium longus posterior tibial Artery posterior tibial Vein tibial divison of sciatic Nerve/tibial Nerve
43
Where does flexor Digitorium longus insert?
Plantar surface of distal phalanges of digits 2,3,4 and 5
44
What is the function of flexor Digitorium longus?
Flexor of toes 2,3,4,5 Plantarflexor of ankle Inversion of ankle
45
Where does flexor Hallucis longus insert?
Plantar surface of distal phalange of digit 1 (big toe)
46
What is the function of flexor Hallucis longus?
Extensor of great toe Plantar Flexion of ankle Inversion of ankle
47
Where does TIbialis posterior originate and insert
Origin = Intraosseous membrane between tibia and fibula Insertion = Plantar surface of navicular and medial cuneiform
48
What is the Tibialis posterior function?
Plantarflexor of ankle Inversion Maintains medial arch
49
What is the popliteal fossa?
Space posterior to the knee joint
50
What vessels and nerve pass through the popliteal fossa running inferiorly?
Popliteal artery Popliteal vein Tibial division of sciatic nerve Common fibular division of sciatic nerve
51
What structure do the blood vessels of the anterior thigh pass through to reach the popliteal fossa?
Adductor hiatus
52
What blood vessels enter into the adductor hiatus and become the popliteal artery and vein?
Femoral artery and femoral vein
53
What muscles form the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?
Gastrocnemius both lateral and medial heads Semitendinosus and semimembranosus Biceps femoris
54
What boundary does the lateral head of gastrocnemius form of the popliteal fossa?
Inferior lateral boundary
55
What boundary does the medial head of gastrocnemius form of the popliteal fossa?
Inferior medial boundary
56
What boundary does the biceps femoris form of the popliteal fossa?
Superior lateral boundary
57
What boundary does semimembranosus and semitendinosus form of the popliteal fossa?
Superior medial boundary
58
How can you differentiate between semitendinosus and Semimembranosus?
Semimembranosus is most medial of the 2 Semitendinosus is more superficial than semimembranosus
59
Why is the popliteal fossa clinically relevant?
Contains important neurovascular bundles and can SWELL
60
How are the vessels and nerve situated in the popliteal fossa?
Tibial nerve most superior Popliteal vein intermediate Popliteal artery deepest
61
What may swelling of the popliteal fossa occur?
Popliteal aneurysm Bakers cyst (semimembranosus bursitis)
62
What is an aneurysm?
Dilation of an artery greater than 50% of normal diameter
63
What is the problem with a popliteal aneurysm?
Popliteal artery may squash tibial nerve (parasthesia of foot and posterolateral leg, weak Plantarflexion)
64
What is unusual about the positioning of flexor Hallucis longus and flexor Digitorium longus of the posterior leg?
FHL is lateral and FDL is medial Strange since FHL connects to the most medial toe (Big toe) and FDL connects to the lateral toes (2,3,4,5)
65
What is the tarsal tunnel?
Tunnel that allows passage of tendons, nerves and vessels from the posterior leg to the foot
66
Where is the tarsal tunnel located?
Medial aspect of foot on the posterior side
67
What is the connective tissue called that forms the roof of the tarsal tunnel?
Flexor retinaculum
68
What happens to the tendons of the flexor Hallucis longus and flexor Digitorium longus in the tarsal tunnel?
The swap/cross over so the Hallucis can insert on the big toe and the Digitorium can insert on the lateral 4 digits
69
What nerve gets compressed in tarsal tunnel syndrome?
Tibial division of sciatic nerve
70
What happens to the common fibular nerve as it passes through to the other side of the popliteal fossa?
Branches to the superficial and deep fibular nerves Superficial fibular nerve runs to the lateral compartment of the leg Deep fibular nerve runs to the anterior compartment of the leg
71
What does the flexor retinaculum connect?
Medial malleolus (Tibia) OBLIQUELY to medial tubercle of CALCANEOUS

Y1 - MSK (36 decks)

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