Anatomy of the basal Ganglia and Cerebellum, and control of Movement

Question 1

Name the three layers of the cerebellar cortex (from outer to inner)

Answer 1

Molecular layer
Purkinje cell layer
Granular layer

Question 2

If the cerebellum infratentorial or supratentorial?

Answer 2

Infra tentorial

Question 3

How to afferent projections (inputs) enter the cerebellum?

Answer 3

Cerebellar peduncles

Question 4

What layer of the cerebellum do afferent signals go to mostly?

Answer 4

The granular cell layer

Question 5

What attaches the cerebellum to the brainstem?

Answer 5

3 stalks called peduncles

Question 6

What are the three peduncles made of?

Answer 6

White matter

Question 7

Are the deep cerebellar nuclei white or grey matter?

Answer 7

Grey

Question 8

What part of the cerebellum transmits signals to the rest of the brain?

Answer 8

Deep cerebellar nuclei

Question 9

What symptoms would a patient get if they have a midline cerebellar lesion?

Answer 9

Disturbance of posture control (patient will fall over when standing or sitting)

Question 10

Do the cerebellar hemispheres control the ipsilateral or contralateral side of the body?

Answer 10

Ipsilateral

Question 11

What symptoms are seen in a unilateral hemispheric lesion of the cerebellum?

Answer 11

Disturbance of limb coordiantion resulting in tremor and unsteady gait.

Question 12

What are the symptoms of bilateral cerebellar dysfunction?

Answer 12

Slowed, slurred speech, bilateral incoordiantion of the arms and staggering

Question 13

What basal ganglia make up the lenticular nucleus?

Answer 13

Putamen

Globus Pallidus

Question 14

What basal ganglia make up the striatum?

Answer 14

Caudate nucleus

Putamen

Question 15

Name all the basal ganglia

Answer 15

Caudate nucleus
Putamen
Globus pallidus
Subthalamic nucleus
Substnatia nigra

Question 16

What basal ganglia sits in the lateral wall of the lateral ventricle?

Answer 16

Caudate nucleus

Question 17

How many substantia nigra are there?

Answer 17

2; one of either side of the midline

Question 18

What does the substantia nigra produce?

Answer 18

Dopamine

Question 19

What condition is characterised by atrophy of the substantia nigra

Answer 19

parkinsons disease

Question 20

How do the basal ganglia work with the motor cortex to enhance normal movement?

Answer 20

The direct pathway; this is a neurone chain that enhances the outflow of the thalamus and enhances the desired movement.

Question 21

How do the basal ganglia work with the motor cortex to suppress unwanted movement?

Answer 21

Indirect pathway; this is a neurone chain that inhibits the outflow of the thalamus .

Question 22

Does basal ganglia dysfunction affect the ipsilateral or contralateral side of the body?

Answer 22

Contralateral

Question 23

What are some of the symptoms of basal ganglia dysfuntion?

Answer 23

Changes in muscle tone
Dyskinesis
Tremor
Chorea

Question 24

What two disease are associated with basal ganglia dysfuction?

Answer 24

Huntingtons

Parkinsons

Question 25

Do the cerebellar hemispheres influence the ipsilateral or contralateral side of the body?

Answer 25

Ipsilateral

Question 26

A patient presents with slow, slurred speech, bilateral limb incoordination and a wide based gait.

Answer 26

Bilateral cerebellar dysfunction

Question 27

A patient presents saying the fall over when standing or sitting. What part of their brain is most likely damaged?

Answer 27

Vermis of the cerebellum

Question 28

Do lesions on the basal ganglia lead to disturbances on the ipsilateral or contralateral side of the body?

Answer 28

Contraleteral

Question 29

Changes in muscle tone, dyskinesis, tremor, chorea and myoclonus are due to a problem is which aspect of the brain?

Answer 29

Basal ganglia