Anatomy of the nervous system

Question 1

What muscle does the somatic nervous system control

Answer 1

skeletal

Question 2

What muscle does the autonomic nervous system control

Answer 2

smooth and cardiac muscle, glands

Question 3

How many neurons in the somatic pathway

Answer 3

often a single motor neuron

Question 4

How many efferent neurons in the autonomic nervous system

Answer 4

2
pre-ganglion (in CNS)
Post-ganglion

Question 5

What neurotransmitter is in the somatic system

Answer 5

acetyl choline

Question 6

What neurotransmitters are in the autonomic nervous system

Answer 6

acetyl choline and noradrenaline

Question 7

What type of impulses are in the somatic nervous system

Answer 7

always excitatory

Question 8

What type of impulses are in the autonomic nervous system

Answer 8

excitatory and inhibitory

Question 9

4 things the autonomic nervous system controls

Answer 9

Cardiovascular system
Respiratory system
Reproductive system
homeostasis

Question 10

2 main sub divisions of the Autonomic nervous system

Answer 10

sympathetic

parasympathetic

Question 11

What type of outflow is parasympathetic

Answer 11

craniosacral

Question 12

name the parasympathetic pre-ganglionic neurons

Answer 12

cranial nerve 3,7,9, 10

Sacral S2, S3, S4

Question 13

In the parasympathetic what size are the pre-ganglion neurons

Answer 13

long

Question 14

Where is the ganglion situated in the parasympathetic

Answer 14

close to, on or in the effector organ

Question 15

What size are the postganglion neurons of the PSNS

Answer 15

Short

Question 16

Parasympathetic can be described as being

Answer 16

secretor motor

Question 17

What are both neurotransmitters in the parasympathetic pathway (PreG-postG and PostG-effector)

Answer 17

acetyl choline

Question 18

Whats the difference between the pre-G-postG and post-G-effector synapse parasympathetic

Answer 18

PreG-PostG= nicotinic receptors 
PostG-effector= muscarinic receptors

Question 19

What are the receptors PostG-effector parasympathetic

Answer 19

Muscarinic

Question 20

What is the difference between nicotinic and muscarinic stimulation

Answer 20

muscarinic is longer lasting

Question 21

Where does the 3rd cranial nerve run to

Answer 21

pupils (PS)

Question 22

Where does the 7th cranial nerve run to

Answer 22

submadibular and sublingual glands

lacrimal and nasal glands (PS)

Question 23

where does the 9th cranial nerve run to

Answer 23

the parotid gland (PS)

Question 24

where does the 10th cranial nerve run to

Answer 24

vagus (all over) (PS)

Question 25

where do S2,S3,S4 sacral PS outflow supply

Answer 25

hind gut ---> colon, kidney, bladder, sex organs

Question 26

what does secretor motor mean (PS)

Answer 26

causes secretion to glands and has a primary motor function on muscle (apart from heart where it reduces)

Question 27

Name 5 Parasympathetic effects

Answer 27

``` Constricts pupils constricts airways stimulates digestion Stimulates bladder contraction Stimulates penile erection ```

Question 28

pre-G nerves PS do NOT travels in

Answer 28

spinal nerves or rami communicantes

Question 29

The sympathetic nervous system is from

Answer 29

T1-L2 (thoracolumbar)

Question 30

Sympathetic size of preG neurons

Answer 30

short

Question 31

sympathetic size of postG neurons

Answer 31

Long

Question 32

Where do sympathetic preG come out the spinal cord

Answer 32

through the ventral roots

Question 33

What happens when sympathetic PreG come out the spinal cord

Answer 33

they synapse in the sympathetic chsin

Question 34

What nerves from the white ramus (myelinated) (sympathetic)

Answer 34

the pre-ganglion nerves

Question 35

What nerves form the grey ramus

Answer 35

Post ganglions , originally unmyelinated but become myelinated

Question 36

What is the type of effect in the sympathetic Nervous system based on

Answer 36

dependant on the type of receptor and the type of neurotransmitter

Question 37

Which sympathetic nerves don't synapse through the ganglion (run as PreG)

Answer 37

thoracic splanchnic

Question 38

Where does the greater splanchnic nerve run to supply

Answer 38

the celiac ganglion ---> foregut

Question 39

Where does the lesser splanchnic nerve run to supply

Answer 39

superior mesenteric ganglion

Question 40

Where does the least splanchnic nerve run to supply

Answer 40

the inferior mesenteric ganglion

Question 41

What are the vast majority of sympathetic neurotransmitters

Answer 41

ACh and noradrenaline (can be very varied though)

Question 42

how can noradrenaline be released

Answer 42

locally or into the circulation

Question 43

general sympathetic effect

Answer 43

wide spread and long lasting, fight or flight

Question 44

5 sympathetic effects

Answer 44

``` dilates pupils dilates airways accelerates heart rate stimulates glucose production and release stimulates ejaculation ```

Question 45

Horners syndrome=

Answer 45

disruption of sympathetic supply to eye and face

Question 46

3 affects of horners syndrome

Answer 46

ptosis miosis anhydrosis

Question 47

Ptosis=

Answer 47

lazy upper eye

Question 48

miosis=

Answer 48

constricted pupil

Question 49

anhydrosis=

Answer 49

lack of sweating (dry face)

Question 50

Most common cause of horners syndrome

Answer 50

tumour in apex of lung

Question 51

the pathway for horners syndrome=

Answer 51

ipsilateral

Question 52

What nerve supplies the parotid salivary gland

Answer 52

auriculotemporal nerve (ultimately glossopharyngeal nerve)

Question 53

Most blood vessels are innervated by the

Answer 53

sympathetic nervous system only

Question 54

most viscera innervated by

Answer 54

both PS and S

Question 55

In genitalia function what innervates

Answer 55

S and PS cooperate

Question 56

How do cortical centres influence autonomic functioning

Answer 56

via limbic system

Question 57

Bladder function is complex bc;

Answer 57

complex interplay of sensory, voluntary motor, involuntary motor at multiple spinal levels

Question 58

What innervates pelvic floor muscles

Answer 58

Anterior horn cells S2-S4

Question 59

UMN lesion result in a _____ bladder

Answer 59

spastic bladder

Question 60

a LMN lesion results in a ______ bladder

Answer 60

flaccid

Question 61

The LMN to affect the bladder occurs in the

Answer 61

sacral spinal cord and cauda equina

Question 62

lesions affecting the bladder have to be

Answer 62

bilateral

Question 63

Brown sequard syndrome=

Answer 63

hemisection

Question 64

brown sequard syndrome =

Answer 64

ipsilateral loss of touch, proprioception, vibration (DCML) | Contralateral loss of pain and temp (spinothalamic)

Question 65

A complete transection causes

Answer 65

loss of movement and all sensation below lesioned segment Flaccid paralysis becoming spastic Loss of bladder& rectal sphincter control Lesions above T10= ineffective cough