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Block 5 ellen > Spinal reflex L11 > Flashcards

Spinal reflex L11 Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

Three types of movement

A

reflex
voluntary
Rhythmic

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2
Q

Most movements are a combination of (except v simple movements);

A

reflex
voluntary
rhythmic

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3
Q

cerebral hemispheres are involved in

A

voluntary controls

modifying automatic movement

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4
Q

Cerebellum general role

A

coordinating movement

learning fine motor skills

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5
Q

Brainstem general role

A

automated type movements

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6
Q

Spinal cord movements

A

automatic or repetitive movements

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7
Q

grey matter in the spinal cord is

A

central

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8
Q

white matter in spinal cord is

A

on outside

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9
Q

Sensory neurons enter the spinal cord via the

A

dorsal horn

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10
Q

motor neurons exit the spinal cord via the

A

ventral horn

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11
Q

Cervical enlargement is between

A

C3-T1

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12
Q

Lumbar enlargement is between

A

L1-S3

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13
Q

trunk, head posture are organised ____ in the spinal cord

A

medially

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14
Q

upper limbs are organised____ in the spinal cord

A

medially

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15
Q

Hands, feet (distal) are organised_____ in the spinal cord

A

laterally

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16
Q

Which are the most motor neurons in the spinal cord

A

Alpha motor neurons

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17
Q

Largest neurons in the body=

A

alpha motor neurons

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18
Q

Where do alpha motor neurons synapse

A

skeletal muscle fibre

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19
Q

Upper motor neurons=

A

CNS

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20
Q

Lower motor neurons=

A

brain stem and spinal cord leave CNS synapse on muscles

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21
Q

Final common pathway=

A

LMN

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22
Q

Where are alpha motor neurons found

A

in the ventral horn of spinal cord

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23
Q

What neurotransmitters are associated with alpha motor neurons

A

Acetylcholine

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24
Q

Where can spinal motor neurons receive inputs from (3)

A

spinal interneurons
Muscle spindle and skin (sensory input)
UMN

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25
Motor neuron disease also called
ALS
26
What goes wrong in ALS
degernation of alpha motor neurons (upper and lower)
27
Symptoms of ALS (4)
Muscle weakness Atrophy Twitching Difficulty breathing/ swallowing
28
Drug treatment for ALS
Riluzole
29
what does Riluzole do
blocks glutamatergic neurotransmission
30
Reflex=
involuntary movement bc of sensory stimulation (impulses travel through reflex arc)
31
Reflex arc composed of
Sensory neuron Interneuron (0-many) Motor neuron
32
Why are reflexes so fast
Not many synapses
33
Why have reflexes
Protects the body against damage | Coordinates muscle activity
34
Stretch reflex=
myotatic reflex
35
Mitotic reflex caused
when a muscle is pulled on (it tends to pull back)
36
Where are muscle spindles are embedded in
extrafusal muscle
37
Muslce spindles are important for
proprioception
38
What is a muscle spindle made off
intrafusal muscle fibres
39
Which way do intrafusal muscle fibres run
in parallel with extrafusal fibres
40
What do intrafusal muscle fibres detect
amount and rate of change of muscle length (how stretched)
41
1a afferent neuron is
a sensory neuron
42
Where are 1a neurons wrapped
around the muscle spindle
43
Where do 1a neurons synapse
directly onto alpha motor neurons in the spinal cord
44
An alpha motor neuron signals the muscle to
contract
45
Where do Alpha motor neurons synapse
on extrafusal muscle fibres
46
What is a single synapse system
sensory fibres connected directly to the motor fibres
47
Monosynaptic=
single synapse between muscle sensory fibre and alpha motor neuron
48
Example of monosynaptic reflex
stretch reflex
49
What do gamma motor neurons do
regulates sensitivity of sensory afferents to stretch
50
Where do gamma motor neurons synapse
intrafusal muscle fibres
51
Which are thicker alpha or gamma motor neurons
Alpha
52
E.g of stretch reflex
patellar tendon tap
53
What type of response is a stretch reflex
graded
54
Arm flexors=
Biceps
55
Arm extensors=
triceps
56
The two actions of the patellar reflex
monosynaptic stretch reflex | reciprocal inhibition 9of antagonist)
57
What does the inverse stretch reflex involve
golgi tendon
58
Location of golgi tendon
junction of muscle and tendon
59
Which way does the golgi tendon run
in series with extrafusal fibres
60
what is the golgi tendon organ innervated by
1b afferent
61
What threshold are 1b afferents
high threshold (only innervated under extreme stretch0
62
What does muscle contraction do in the Golgi tendon
stretches the tendon and activates sensory receptors
63
What is the function of the Golgi tendon
Encodes and regulates muscle tension (protects muscles and tendons from damage)
64
1b afferents from the golgi tendon organ synapse with
inhibitory interneurons in spinal cord
65
Activation of 1b afferents decreases
activity of alpha motor neurons
66
Flexor withdrawal reflex or
crossed extensor reflex
67
receptors of flexor withdrawal reflex
nociceptive cutaneous receptors
68
Flexor withdrawal reflex=
bend one knee, extend opposite (compensatory support)
69
Flexor withdrawal reflex involves
multiple synapses
70
What are central pattern generators
neural networks that produce oscillatory patterned outputs without sensory input
71
Examples of central pattern generators
locomotion chewing swallowing ect

Block 5 ellen (17 decks)

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