Motor system,spinal cord and brainstem L10

Question 1

Three parts of brainstem

Answer 1

midbrain
pons
medula

Question 2

Where do the nerves emerge from in the midbrain

Answer 2

interpeduncular fossa

Question 3

which cranial nerves are in the forebrain

Answer 3

1, 2

Question 4

which cranial nerves in the midbrain

Answer 4

3,4

Question 5

which cranial nerves in the pons

Answer 5

5,6,7,8

Question 6

Which cranial nerves in the medulla

Answer 6

9,10,11,12

Question 7

What is the channel through the midbrain called

Answer 7

cerebral aqueduct

Question 8

What lies behind the cerebral aqueduct

Answer 8

tectum

Question 9

What are the ridges along the medulla called

Answer 9

the pyramids

Question 10

the 4 bumps (six pack) of the midbrain (tectum) are

Answer 10

superior and inferior colliculi

Question 11

Which cranial nerve is the only one to come out of the dorsal aspect of the CNS

Answer 11

4th

Question 12

upper motor neurons lie

Answer 12

entirely in the CNS

Question 13

3 places UMN can originate from

Answer 13

Cerebral cortex,
cerebellum,
brainstem

Question 14

LMN lie in

Answer 14

The PNS

Question 15

LMN can be (2) nerves

Answer 15

spinal nerves and cranial nerves

Question 16

A LMN action potential is

Answer 16

all or nothing

Question 17

What can effect LMN

Answer 17

UMN

Question 18

What tracts pass through the internal capsule

Answer 18

Ascending and descending

Question 19

Where is a dangerous place to be damaged in the brain (affects a lot of function)

Answer 19

Internal capsule

Question 20

4 features of the internal capsule

Answer 20

An anterior limb
A genu (bend)
Posterior limb
Retrolentiform area

Question 21

Shape of the internal capsule

Answer 21

2 V shapes

Question 22

What do the ventromedial tracts affect

Answer 22

posture and girdle muscles (trunk muscles and limb girdles)

Question 23

What do the dorsolateral tracts control

Answer 23

Distal movement and fine movement

Question 24

What 2 classifications can be made about descending tracts

Answer 24

ventromedial

Dorsolateral

Question 25

name three ventrolateral tracts

Answer 25

pontine tectal vestibular

Question 26

Name three dorsolateral tracts

Answer 26

Cortical rubral medullary

Question 27

The pontine reticulospinal tract runs from

Answer 27

Supplementary motor cortex--> pontine reticular nuclei

Question 28

The pontine reticulospinal tract runs down the spinal cord

Answer 28

ipsilaterally

Question 29

The pontine reticulospinal tract synapses in______

Answer 29

in multiple segments of spinal cord = polysegmental

Question 30

What does the reticulospinal tract mediate

Answer 30

large movements of the trunk and limbs

Question 31

What extra thing does the reticulospinal tract mediate

Answer 31

sensation (e.g pain can force yourself to hold hand over flame)

Question 32

What category of tract is tectospinal

Answer 32

ventromedial

Question 33

Where does the tectospinal tract run from

Answer 33

superior and inferior colliculus (tectum)----> cervical spinal cord

Question 34

What place does the visual pathway come from (tectospinal)

Answer 34

superior colliculus

Question 35

What place does the auditory pathway come from (tectospinal)

Answer 35

inferior colliculus

Question 36

When does the tectospinal tract desiccate

Answer 36

early

Question 37

What muscles does the tectospinal tract control

Answer 37

head and neck

Question 38

What does the superior colliculus receive inout from

Answer 38

the optic nerve

Question 39

Where do most vestibulospinal tracts come from

Answer 39

vestibular nuclei in the pons

Question 40

How do the vestibulospinal tracts travel down the spinal cord

Answer 40

ipsilateral

Question 41

What does the vestibulospinal tract control

Answer 41

balance and posture

Question 42

Where do vestibulospinal tracts run to

Answer 42

all spinal segments (anti-gravity muscle)

Question 43

Ventromedial tracts are about

Answer 43

posture, position and keeping you off the ground (proximal muscles)

Question 44

Name 2 dorsolateral descending tracts

Answer 44

Corticospinal | rubrospinal

Question 45

Where does the rubrospinal tract come from

Answer 45

the red nucleus

Question 46

Where does the rubrospinal tracts decussate

Answer 46

as they emerge from the red nucleus (which is in the midbrain)

Question 47

How does the rubrospinal tract travel down the spinal cord

Answer 47

contralaterally

Question 48

What is the rubrospinal tract important in

Answer 48

control and coordination of movement

Question 49

What type of tract is corticospinal

Answer 49

pyramidal (also dorsolateral)

Question 50

The corticospinal tract comes from the

Answer 50

motor cortex areas

Question 51

Which structure does the corticospinal tract run down

Answer 51

the internal capsule

Question 52

Where in the internal capsule does the corticospinal tract run

Answer 52

in the posterior limb

Question 53

3 places neurons of the corticospinal tract pass

Answer 53

crus cerebri the pons medulla

Question 54

Where in the pons do the corticospinal tracts run

Answer 54

front (basilar) pons

Question 55

where do 85-90% of the fibres decussate in the corticospinal tract

Answer 55

medullary pyramids

Question 56

What do the decussated corticospinal tracts become

Answer 56

lateral corticospinal tract

Question 57

What do the non decussated corticospinal tracts become

Answer 57

anterior cortical spinal tract

Question 58

Where do the UMN of the lateral corticospinal tracts synapse

Answer 58

ventral horn at all segmental levels

Question 59

What happens to the anterior corticospinal tract

Answer 59

remains ipsilateral in the spinal cord, decussates and terminates in the ventral horn of the cervical and upper thoracic segmental levels

Question 60

What is the corticospinal tract important for (2)

Answer 60

voluntary skilled motor activity (especially upper limbs) | independant flexion of single distal joints

Question 61

Babinski's

Answer 61

toe curl up (normally down) / extension

Question 62

dorsolateral=

Answer 62

fine muscle control