Functional regions of the brain

Question 1

Sulci=

Answer 1

grooves

Question 2

Gyri=

Answer 2

bumps

Question 3

What surrounds the central sulcus

Answer 3

the precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus

Question 4

What gyrus forms the primary motor cortex

Answer 4

precentral gyrus

Question 5

What gyrus forms the primary somatosensory cortex

Answer 5

The postcentral gyrus

Question 6

What is special about the primary somatosensory and primary motor cortexes

Answer 6

they have fibres that bridge the gap over the central sulcus so they can communicate between each other.

Question 7

Homunculi=

Answer 7

arrangement of the body portrayed in the cortex

Question 8

What is represented most laterally in the hemispheres

Answer 8

the head and face

Question 9

What is represented over the top middle of the hemispheres

Answer 9

the trunk

Question 10

What limbs are represented over the midline of the cortex

Answer 10

lower limbs

Question 11

Where are the upper limbs always represented (except in 2 places)

Answer 11

medial to the lower limbs

Question 12

What places are the lower limbs more medial than the upper limbs

Answer 12

the primary sensorimotor cortices and the posterior columns

Question 13

In the corticospinal tract which tract decussates at the medullary pyramids

Answer 13

lateral cortical spinal tract

Question 14

In the corticospinal tract which tracts don’t decussate in the medulla

Answer 14

anterior corticospinal tract

Question 15

CNS signs and symptoms are usually _______ to the lesion

Answer 15

contralateral

Question 16

PNS signs and symptoms are usually ______to the lesion

Answer 16

ipsilateral

Question 17

What is special about the face

Answer 17

it has a split motor neuron
One for upper and lower face
The upper face isn’t affected destroying 1 motor neuron

Question 18

Cortical or internal capsule lesions give rise to

Answer 18

mixed sensory & motor outcomes

Question 19

For a lesion of the internal capsule to only have unimodal (Motor or sensory not both) it has to be

Answer 19

very small

Question 20

Mixed motor and sensory symptoms suggest

Answer 20

the lesion is higher up (internal capsule or cortex) or a spinal nerve

Question 21

What is the difference between a cortical lesion of the arm/ leg or a lesion at the pyramidal decussation

Answer 21

same symptoms but cortical arm/leg= some sensory + motor issue
pyramid= purely motor

Question 22

in upper motor neuron lesions you get

Answer 22

hyperreflexia, hypertonia, spastic paralysis

Question 23

In lower motor neuron lesions you get

Answer 23

hyporeflexia, fasciculations, flaccid paralysis

Question 24

Lesions in the thalamus are always

Answer 24

contralateral (have lots of effects, sensory and motor.

Question 25

Most ascending pathways have a synapse in the_____

Answer 25

Thalamus

Question 26

What could lesions in the thalamus or cortex cause

Answer 26

contralateral hemi-anesthesia

Question 27

What is contralateral hemi-anesthesia

Answer 27

losing sensation over the opposite half of the body

Question 28

The vestibular cerebellum is also called

Answer 28

Flocculondular system

Question 29

Where is the flocculondular (vestibular cerebellum) found

Answer 29

anterior aspect of the cerebellum

Question 30

Another name for the Spinocerebellum

Answer 30

Paleocerebellum

Question 31

Where is the spinocerebellum found (paleocerebellum)

Answer 31

strips either side of the vermis (anterior part of the hemispheres

Question 32

Another name for the cerebral cerebellum

Answer 32

neocerebellum

Question 33

What movements is the vestibular cerebellum important for

Answer 33

equilibrium and muscle tone

Question 34

What movements is the spinocerebellum important for

Answer 34

propulsive, control/coordination

Question 35

What movements is the cerebral cerebellum important for

Answer 35

voluntary movements, driving, walking (learned movements)

Question 36

Name 2 deep cerebellar nuclei

Answer 36

Dentate and fastigial

Question 37

Where do outputs from the cerebellum go

Answer 37

brainstem cerebral cortex

Question 38

The cerebellar represents the body on each hemisphere

Answer 38

ipsilaterally

Question 39

Cerebellar lesions always result in symptoms on the____side

Answer 39

same

Question 40

What are movement disorders from basal ganglia dysfunction often referred as

Answer 40

extrapyramidal syndromes

Question 41

Do the basal ganglia and cerebellum connect to LMN

Answer 41

NO

Question 42

Dorsolateral=

Answer 42

distal muscles

Question 43

Ventromedial=

Answer 43

proximal muscle s

Question 44

What type of movements does the pyramidal system control

Answer 44

voluntary

Question 45

What types of things does the extrampyramidal system control

Answer 45

maintain posture and balance prior motor skills (learned) Compensatory