Examination of the spinal cord L7

Question 1

What are the three sensory modalities

Answer 1

Discriminative touch
pain and temperature
Proprioception

Question 2

how are the vertebrae connected

Answer 2

through fibrous tissue –> within which are facet joints

Question 3

What absorbs shock in vertebral column

Answer 3

intervertebral discs

Question 4

Where is the spinal cord contained

Answer 4

in the vertebral arch

Question 5

2 properties of the vertebral arch

Answer 5

provides protection for the spinal cord

muscles attach to the transverse processes

Question 6

where do the facet joints articulate

Answer 6

articular processes

Question 7

What special feature does C2 have

Answer 7

odontoid process, peg

Question 8

Fracture of the odontoid causes

Answer 8

hyperextension / hyperflexion of the neck

Question 9

C1=

Answer 9

Atlas

Question 10

What joint is where the cervical vertebra meets the skull

Answer 10

atlanto-occipical joint

Question 11

C2=

Answer 11

axis

Question 12

Typical cervical vertebra range

Answer 12

C3-C6

Question 13

What is contained in the transverse foramen of the cervical vertebra

Answer 13

vertebral artery, vein and sympathetic nerves

Question 14

Danger of clots forming in the cervical vertebral artery

Answer 14

stroke

Question 15

4 features of C3-C6

Answer 15

small bodies
large arches
bifid spinous processes (neck attachment)
horizontal zygapophyseal joint

Question 16

Things to look for on an X-ray (3)

Answer 16

loss of alignment 
maintained intervertebral disc spaces 
specific spaces (soft tissue) for bleed

Question 17

CT scan +/-

Answer 17

more likely to pick up an injury

higher radiation dose

Question 18

typical thoracic vertebra (4)

Answer 18

bigger body
long spinous process
circular vertebral foramen
vertically arranged facet joints

Question 19

How many thoracic vertebra

Answer 19

12

Question 20

how many lumbar vertebra

Answer 20

5

Question 21

typical lumbar vertebra

Answer 21

Large kidney shaped bodies
Small arches
large spinous processes
vertical facet joints

Question 22

Which vertebra usually wears out first

Answer 22

L5

Question 23

feature of sacrum & coccyx

Answer 23

no movement

Question 24

where do spinal nerves leave

Answer 24

intervertebral foramen

Question 25

where does the spinal cord end

Answer 25

L1/L2

Question 26

Cauda equina syndrome=

Answer 26

central herniation of intervertebral disc between lumbar vertebra going backwards--> squashing cauda equina

Question 27

What does cauda equina syndrome present with (4)

Answer 27

bladder and bowel dysfunction Perineal numbness New sexual dysfunction Progressive/ bilateral leg weakness

Question 28

Most common slipped disc

Answer 28

L5/S1 Sciatic

Question 29

3 examination points (Y1)

Answer 29

1. Examine lumbar and thoracic spine for deformity and movement 2. carry out sciatic and femoral nerve stretch tests 3. Test sensation of pain, touch and position to outline dermatomes

Question 30

3 curves of the back

Answer 30

cervical lordosis thoracic kyphosis Lumbar lordosis

Question 31

scoliosis=

Answer 31

sideways bend in spine | caused from slipped disc---> muscle spasm

Question 32

when is spina bifida usually picked up

Answer 32

in utero

Question 33

Where does the femoral nerve come from

Answer 33

L2-L4

Question 34

Where does the femoral nerve supply

Answer 34

hip and knee joint, quadriceps

Question 35

where does sciatic nerve arise from

Answer 35

L5-S2

Question 36

where does the sciatic nerve run

Answer 36

posterior compartment of thigh (midline), supplies knee flexors

Question 37

Which dermatome is around the nipple

Answer 37

T4

Question 38

C4 dermatome=

Answer 38

shoulder tip

Question 39

C5 dermatome=

Answer 39

over deltoid

Question 40

C6 dermatome=

Answer 40

tip of thumb

Question 41

C7 dermatome =

Answer 41

middle/ index finger

Question 42

C8 dermatome =

Answer 42

tip of little finger

Question 43

T1 dermatome =

Answer 43

medial border of elbow

Question 44

Which dermatome is around the umbilicus

Answer 44

T10

Question 45

Hands in pockets dermatome

Answer 45

L1

Question 46

Anteriorlateral thigh dermatome=

Answer 46

L2

Question 47

Anterior knee dermatome=

Answer 47

L3

Question 48

Medial calf dermatome=

Answer 48

L4

Question 49

Lateral calf --> big toe dermatome

Answer 49

L5

Question 50

Little toe dermatome

Answer 50

S1

Question 51

Posterior - medial leg dermatome

Answer 51

S2