Anatomy/Phys

Question 1

List the normal pathway for systemic circulation?

Answer 1

Left ventricle-> aorta-> body-> systemic veins-> superior/inferior vena cava -> right atrium

Question 2

List the pathway for pulmonary circulation?

Answer 2

Right ventricle->pulmonary artery-> lungs-> pulmonary veins-> left atrium

Question 3

Which pancreatic cells are the most plentiful?

Answer 3

cells producing glucagon

Question 4

What is the refractory period

Answer 4

Time during which a neuron cannot generate another action potential. Sodium channels are closed and cannot be reopened

Question 5

What is glycolysis

Answer 5

The breakdown of glucose into two molecules of 3-carbon molecule called pyruvate. A net gain of 2 ATP and 2 NADH molecules

Question 6

What is the Krebs Cycle

Answer 6

Pyruvate is transported into the mitochondria and loses carbon dioxid to form acetyl-CoA. When acetyl-CoA is oxidized to carbon dioxide in the Krebs cycle, chemical energy is release and captured in the form of NADH, FADH2, and ATP

Question 7

What is the electron transport chain

Answer 7

It allows the release of the large amount of chemical energy stored in reduced NAD+ and reduced FAD. The energy released is captured in the form of ATP

Question 8

What is the equation for blood pressure

Answer 8

Cardiac output x peripheral resistance

Question 9

How would you measure blood oxygen saturation? (SpO2)?

Answer 9

Pulse oximeter (noninvasive)

Question 10

What is a normal percentage of oxygen-saturated hemoglobin?

Answer 10

90% to 100%

Question 11

What does the axial skeleton consist of?

Answer 11

Skull, spinal column, ribs, and sternum

Question 12

What is Osteon

Answer 12

Structural unit of compact bone

Question 13

what is Fibrocartilage

Answer 13

Greater amount of collagen fibers

Question 14

Where can fibrocartilage be found

Answer 14

Interpubic, discs, and menisci

Question 15

What is Elastic Cartilage

Answer 15

Collagen and elastin fibers

Question 16

Where can elastic cartilage be found

Answer 16

epiglottis and outer ear

Question 17

Organic Matrix is composed of…..

Answer 17

primarily collagen fibers

Question 18

Inorganic Matrix is composed of…..

Answer 18

primarily mineral salts and calcium

Question 19

What is Cortical Bone?

Answer 19

Compact bone that has an ordered and dense arrangement

Question 20

Where is cortical bone located?

Answer 20

primarily in the shafts of long bones

Question 21

What Does The Appendicular Skeleton Consist Of?

Answer 21

Upper Extremities, Lower Extremities, And Pelvic Girdle

Question 22

What Is Nonfeasance/Omission?

Answer 22

Where An Individual Fails To Perform A Legal Duty

Question 23

What Is Malfeasance/Commission?

Answer 23

Where Commit An Act That Is Not Legally Able To Perform

Question 24

Describe Slow Twitch Muscle Fibers

Answer 24

Type 1 Fibers

More Resistant To Fatigue

Question 25

What Is A Epiphyseal Plate?

Answer 25

Growth Plates, Made Up Of Cartilage

Question 26

Define Conduction

Answer 26

Heat Loss Or Heat Gain Through Physical Contact

Question 27

Define Convection

Answer 27

Heat Loss Or Heat Gain Through Circulatory Medium

Question 28

What Is Cartilage

Answer 28

Connective Tissue

Question 29

What Is Cartilage Composed Of

Answer 29

Cartilage Cells And Matrix

Question 30

What Are Chondroblasts

Answer 30

Cartilage Builders

Question 31

What Are Chondrocytes

Answer 31

Mature Chondroblasts

Question 32

What Is The Purpose Of Osteoblasts

Answer 32

Build Bone Tissue

Question 33

What Is The Purpose Of Osteoclasts

Answer 33

Breakdown Or Resorb Bone Tissue

Question 34

Osteocytes Are Found Where

Answer 34

Located Within Lacunae

Question 35

Define Lacunae

Answer 35

Small Cavities Within A Bone

Question 36

What Is The Role Of The Skeletal System?

Answer 36

Supports Body Weight Transfers Body Weight Body Movement Organ Protection

Question 37

Describe Adhesive Felt

Answer 37

Combining A Cushinoning Effect With The Ability To Be Help In A Specific Spot By The Adhesive Mass

Question 38

Describe Felt

Answer 38

Comfortable, Semi Resilent Forces Gives Firmer Pressure More Than Spnge Rubbers 3. Absorbes Perspiration

Question 39

Synarthrocic Synovial Joints Are….

Answer 39

Immovable

Question 40

Amphiarthrotic Synovial Joints Are….

Answer 40

Movable

Question 41

Diarthrocic Synovial Joints Are….

Answer 41

Freely Movable

Question 42

What Happens During Osteochondrosis?

Answer 42

Degenerative Changes In Centers Of The Epiphyses

Question 43

What Happens During Osteoarthritis?

Answer 43

Cartilage Is Worn Away

Question 44

Define Osteoblasts

Answer 44

Build New Bone On Outside Of Bone

Question 45

Define Osteoclasts

Answer 45

Increase Medullary Cavity By Breaking Down Boney Tissue

Question 46

What Is Metaplasia?

Answer 46

Conversion Of One Kind Of Tissue To Another Form

Question 47

What Is Dysplasia?

Answer 47

The Abnormal Development Of Tissue

Question 48

Describe Ischemia.

Answer 48

Lack Of Blood Supply To Body Part

Question 49

What Is Raynauds Phenomenon?

Answer 49

A Condition When Cold Exposure Causes Vasospasm Of Digital Arteries

Question 50

Describe Open Kinetic Chain

Answer 50

When Foot Or Hand Is Not In Contact With Ground Or Other Surface

Question 51

Describe Closed Kinetic

Answer 51

Chain Foot Or Hand Is Weight Bearing

Question 52

Where Are The Intracapsular Ligaments Located?

Answer 52

Located Inside Of The Joint Capsule

Question 53

Where Are The Extracapsular Ligaments Located?

Answer 53

Located Outside The Joint Capsule, They Have A Poor Blood supply

Question 54

TFCC separates the ________ and inferior _____ joints of the wrist

Answer 54

Radiocarpal, radioulnar

Question 55

The core is also known as the _____-_____-hip complex

Answer 55

Lumbo-Pelvic

Question 56

__________ is the ability to determine the position of a joint in space

Answer 56

Proprioception

Question 57

The anconeus _______ the elbow

Answer 57

Extends

Question 58

Intervertebral disks are formed by a tough, dense outer layer, the ______, surrounding a flexible inner layer, the ______.

Answer 58

annulus fibrosus, nucleus pulposus

Question 59

The entire length of the spine is reinforced by the ______ ligaments.

Answer 59

anterior and posterior longitudinal

Question 60

T/F. The posterior branches of the L2, L3, and L4 nerve roots converge to form the sciatic nerve.

Answer 60

False, femoral nerve

Question 61

The erector spine is composed of thee pairs of muscles; from lateral to medial these are: the ______, the ______, and the ______.

Answer 61

iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis

Question 62

The posterior margin of the vertebral canal is formed by the ______ ______, a pair of elastic ligaments connecting the lamina of on vertebra to the lamina of the vertebrae above it.

Answer 62

ligamentum flavum

Question 63

Speech impairment caused by a brain lesion is termed: ______.

Answer 63

dysphasia

Question 64

Diseases that affect the spinal cord are termed: ______.

Answer 64

myelopathy

Question 65

An accumulation of air in the pleural cavity that disrupts the lung’s ability to expand and draw in oxygen is termed: ______.

Answer 65

pneumothorax

Question 66

A large sac filled with air or fluid having the potential to rupture is termed a: ______.

Answer 66

bleb

Question 67

Air hunger marked by labored or difficult breathing; may be normal occurrence after exertion or an abnormal occurrence indicating cardiac or respiratory distress is termed: ______.

Answer 67

dyspnea

Question 68

T/F. The hypothalamus links the nervous system to the endocrine system and assists with homeostasis through the regulation of thirst, temperature, fluid valance, and blood pressure.

Answer 68

True

Question 69

The _____ is the primary component of striated skeletal muscle.

Answer 69

Muscle fiber

Question 70

The motor neuron and the group of muscle fibers make up what?

Answer 70

Motor unit

Question 71

Fast-twitch muscle fibers are primarily used for what?

Answer 71

Aerobic exercise

Question 72

What is the formula for target heart rate?

Answer 72

220-age

Question 73

What is an isometric contraction?

Answer 73

When the muscle is contracting without lengthening or shortening

Question 74

What part of the body is responsible for thermoregulation?

Answer 74

Hypothalamus

Question 75

The theory that the bones and muscles will adapt to changes placed on the body is known as what?

Answer 75

Wolff's Law

Question 76

What organ becomes enlarged with mononucleosis?

Answer 76

Spleen

Question 77

What could hematuria indicate?

Answer 77

Kidney injury

Question 78

Where is smooth muscle generally found?

Answer 78

Organs

Question 79

Is the Kreb's cycle used anaerobically or aerobically?

Answer 79

Aerobically

Question 80

What is forced vital capacity?

Answer 80

The total volume of air that can be exhaled

Question 81

. What is released from glycolysis?

Answer 81

ADP and PO4

Question 82

What is the krebs cycle?

Answer 82

a process that occurs in the mitochondria that converts ADP to energy rich ATP

Question 83

What are the borders of the anatomical snuffbox?

Answer 83

abductor pollicus longus/ extensor pollicus brevis, extensor pollicus longus, scaphoid

Question 84

What is located in the Lower Right Quadrant?

Answer 84

Appendix, ureter, Bladder, Colon, Gonads

Question 85

How do you calculate maximal HR?

Answer 85

220- AGE in YRS

Question 86

What is the functioning component of a muscle?

Answer 86

sarcomere

Question 87

What are three things bind to Actin to expose the myosin binding sites?

Answer 87

tropinin, tropomyosin, and calcium