Anatomy thoracic wall Sept27 M3 Flashcards by Django E.

thoracic cage top and bottom openings

superior thoracic aperture (thoracic inlet) and inferior thoracic aperture (thoracic outlet)

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Structure in front and in back of thoracic cage

Front: sternum (or breast bone)
Back: Thoracic spine

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Total number of ribs

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Angle at bottom of rib cage in front below sternum

Infrasternal angle

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3 categories of ribs

True ribs, false ribs, floating ribs

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which ribs are true + definition

I to VII. Direct insertion to sternum via costal cartilage

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which ribs are false + definition

VIII to X. Indirect insertion on sternum via costal margin

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def. of costal margin

Merging of costal cartilage of ribs VII to X

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which ribs are floating + def

XI and XII. No insertion on sternum

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3 portions of a rib from posterior to anterior

Head (and neck), body, costal cartilage

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Structure found on rib’s neck + its def

Tubercle: protrusion to the back where there’s an articular facet

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How many articular FACETS and where

One on tubercle and two on head, separated by crest

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Two things to denote on body of rib and where

Costal angle (initial curling of the rib in the back)
Costal groove on interior and inferior surface

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3 articular surfaces of ribs and where attach (+ anterior or posterior)

costal cartilage (A, sternum)
head of the rib (P, vertebrae)
Tubercle of the rib (P, vertebrae)

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4 gross structures of a vertebra

Spinous process (back, goes downwards), transverse process (back, one on each side, horizontal)
vertebral foramen (middle hole)
vertebral body (front)

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How many thoracic vertebrae

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how many facets on one side of a vertebra for RIB articulation and where

three. two on side in middle between VB and TP (one upwards, one downwards)
third on one TP (transverse process)

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Posterior joint def

joint between rib and vertebra

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two posterior joints names

costovertebral joint and costotransverse joint

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costovertebral joint def + where are facets

articulation of rib with vertebral body of rib on same level and the VB of one above it (vertebral facets behind VB, rib facets of the head)

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costotransverse joint def + where are facets

between tubercle of rib and transverse process of vertebra on same level.

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name of ligament near costotransverse joint and what it does

Superior costotransverse ligament joins transverse process and head-neck or rib

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which ribs are atypical ribs

I,II,X,XI,XII

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why rib I atypical (4)

Short, flat, horizontal
No costal groove
Grooves and scalene tubercle on top
Only articulates with vertebra at same level

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Special structures found only on rib 1 (3)

two grooves on superior surface for large arteries and veins to pass separated by scalene tubercle

why rib II atypical (1) + how compares to rib I's length

short, flat, horizontal. | Twice length of rib I but still not enough to be normal

why rib X atypical (1)

only articulates with vertebra at same level (not also with one above it)

why ribs XI and XII atypical (4)

no tubercles or necks short no costotransverse joint Only articulates with vertebra at same level

which ribs articulate only with vertebra at same level

I, X, XI, XII | II is only atypical that doesn't fit here

which ribs have no costal groove

which ribs are short

I,II,XI,XII

which ribs are flat and horizontal

I, II

which ribs have no tubercle and neck and costotransverse joint

XI, XII

sternum three parts top to bottom

manubrium, body of the sternum, xiphoid process

characteristic on top of manubrium and its level

Jugular notch (TII)

joint between manubrium and body of sternum (two names) + level

``` Manubriosternal joint (or sternal angle) (TIV/TV) ```

Joint between body of sternum and xiphoid process: name and level

Xiphisternal joint (TIX)

3 muscle layers of intercostal muscles and orientation

External intercostal muscles (inf, ant) Internal intercostal muscles (sup, ant) Innermost intercostal muscles (sup, ant)

where external intercostal muscles start and end

inferior surface of a rib and superior surface of rib below

where internal and innermost intercostal muscles start and end

superior surface of a rib and inferior surface of one above

what external intercostal transform into as you move to front

transform into external intercostal membrane

Muscle in rib cage other than intercostals and goes from where to where

Transversus thoracis: goes from body of sternum and xiphoid process to ribs 2 to 6

diaphragm three portions

right dome, central tendon, left dome

diaphragm particularity about levels of domes

right dome a little above rib 5 (bc of liver) | left dome a little below rib 5

Innervation of diaphragm

Right phrenic nerve: right dome | Left phrenic nerve: left dome

origin of the right and left phrenic nerves

nerves on levels C3,C4 and C5 of spinal cord join to form right and left phrenic nerves

Primary muscle involved in resting inspiration

diaphragm

mechanic movement axis in respiration allowed by diaphragm

superior inferior movement

primary muscle involved in resting expiration

none

muscles involved in forced inspiration and what they do to rib cage

external intercostal muscles - increase volume

muscles involved in forced expiration and what they do to rib cage

internal and innermost intercostal muscles and transversus thoracis

how external intercostals work (given their orientation)

their orientation allows them to pull on rib below to elevate it

two axes of movement allowed by intercostal muscles and transversus thoracis

allow anterior posterior movement (elevation, depression) and lateral movement (expansion and compression on the side)

Disposition of neurovascular supply between intercostal muscles. MAIN branches (not forget there are other ones)

On inferior surface of rib, between innermost and internal muscles, from top to bottom, vein and artery protected by costal groove and then nerve

Arterial supply to front of rib cage (start from left ventricle)

left ventricle-arch of aorta-thoracic aorta and subclavian artery on each side-internal thoracic artery on each side rib 1 to 7: internal thoracic artery-anterior intercostal artery rib 8 to 11: internal thoracic artery-musculophrenic artery-anterior intercostal artery rib 12-thoracic aorta-subcostal artery

other name for internal thoracic artery

mammary artery

name of artery that goes from bottom of internal thoracic artery (its continuation) to the gut

superior epigastric artery

arterial supply to posterior rib cage (start from left ventricle)

left ventricle-arch of aorta-thoracic aorta-posterior intercostal artery

Interaction between anterior and posterior intercostal arteries

Have anastomoses, linking it into one circular supply to a rib

direction in which anterior and posterior arteries travel between ribs

anterior artery: front to back | posterior artery: back to front

venous drainage of anterior rib cage

rib 1-7: anterior intercostal vein, internal thoracic vein, brachiocephalic trunk, superior VC rib 8-11: anterior intercostal vein-musculophrenic vein rib 12: subcostal vein(?) or musculophrenic vein(?)

venous drainage of posterior rib cage on left and right side

left: left posterior intercostal veins-hemiazygos vein (on left side)-azygos vein (on right side)-SVC right: right posterior intercostal veins-azygos vein (on right side)-SVC

name of vein on the front of the body that comes from gut to join interior thoracic vein

superior epigastric vein

name of spinal nerves emerging at a vertebral level and which one goes to rib

dorsal ramus and ventral ramus (which goes to rib)

Name of nerve travelling between ribs the rib

intercostal nerve

Name of two nerves that emerge and deviate from between ribs and where they do so

Lateral cutaneous nerve (between back and the side of the rib) Anterior cutaneous nerve

What cutaneous nerves do

Provide sensory info to skin of chest

which nerves are intercostal and which are subcostal + their spinal level

intercostal from one below rib 1 to one below rib 11 (T1-T11) subcostal for 1 below rib 12 (T12)

how many cervical levels to the spinal cord

How many spinal nerves emerge from cervical vertebrae

Transition in location of spinal nerves explanation

Cervical spinal nerves emerge above the cervical vertebra of their level (number) Thoracic spinal nerves emerge below spinal vertebra of their level Nerve emerging between C7 and T1 is called C8

how to differentiate nerve numbers from bones numbers

bones: roman numerals

name of hole from which a spinal nerve emerges

intervertebral foramen

location of intervertebral foramen

right above a vertebra, between the VB and the transverse process of the one above

Dermatome def

Area of skin innervated by single spinal nerve

Area of skin innervated by T4

Nipple

Area of skin innervated by T6

Skin over xiphoid process

Area of skin innervated by T10

Umbilicus

What causes shingles and how

varicella-zoster virus, attacks T5, rash on T5 level below nipple

Anatomy thoracic wall Sept27 M3 Flashcards

(79 cards)