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Bloc B - Respiration > RBC anemia Oct3 M2 > Flashcards

RBC anemia Oct3 M2 Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

normal WBC count

A

4-11x10E9 per L

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2
Q

normal platelet count

A

100-400x10E9 per L L

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3
Q

normal Hb value

A

120-160

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4
Q

Hb value in men and women

A

women menstruating age: 120-135

men: 140-155, 130 in older age bc have less testosterone

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5
Q

normal RBC value

A

3.9-6.5 x 10E12 per L

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6
Q

normal mean cell volume (RBC) (MCV)

A

80-95 fl

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7
Q

normal hematocrit

A

0.35 to 0.53% (45%)

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8
Q

sickle cell anemia cause

A

mutation in beta chain of Hb

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9
Q

thalassemia cause

A

defect in prod of alpha or beta chain

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10
Q

reticulocyte def

A

immature RBC still containing rRNA

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11
Q

name for abnormal MCV values (2)

A

microcytosis or macrocytosis (less than 80 fl or more than 95 fl)

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12
Q

erythropoeisis phases in the blood

A

reticulocyte and RBC phase

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13
Q

reticulocytes in anemia

A

elevated in blood

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14
Q

what controls level of erythropoeisis and how

A

EPO secretion by kidneys, kidneys sense O2 level. EPO acts on erythroid precursors

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15
Q

6 causes of anemia (think about birth to death of RBC)

A
  • deficiency in nutrients
  • abnormal RBC content (Hb)
  • abnormal erythropoesis site
  • chronic illness suppressed erythropoeisis
  • loss of RBC
  • decreased RBC lifespan
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16
Q

how can one be deficient in nutrients of RBCs

A

Iron (heme group) (menstruating women), B12 and folate (vitamins essential to DNA synthesis)

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17
Q

how can one have deficient Hb (2 ex) and why causes anemia

A

thalassemia
sickle cell anemia
increases hemolysis

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18
Q

sickle cell anemia: cause of the shape problems

A

Hb precipitates.
Cell can’t move in capillaries (stroke, pulm hypertension, occlusive pain crises)

fragile RBC, broken down in spleen. 10-20 days survival

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19
Q

how can one have abnormal erythropoeisis site (give 2)

A

1-aplastic anemia (empty bone marrow)

2-bone marrow space filled with something else (leukemia, lymphoma, cancer)

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20
Q

how can one have anemia bc of a chronic illness (or rather why)

Study These Flashcards
A

chronic inflamm state, interleukin prod (cytokines). IL suppresses bone marrow erythropoeisis.

renal disease (EPO prod affected), lupus, heart disease, rhumatoid arthrisis

21
Q

how can one have loss of RBC

Study These Flashcards
A

bleeding (menses, nose bleeds. called epistaxis)

22
Q

how can one have a decreased RBC lifespan

Study These Flashcards
A

increased hemolysis

23
Q

3 steps to anemia investigation

Study These Flashcards
A

history, physical exam, lab investigations

24
Q

5 things to cover in history for anemia

Study These Flashcards
A
  • diet
  • ethnic origin
  • fatigue, weight loss, bruising, feeling unwell (showing bone marrow failure)
  • chronic illness
  • loss of blood
25
5 things to cover in physical exam for anemia
- signs of anemia - bone marrow failure - chronic disease - hemolysis - bleeding
26
signs of anemia on physical exam (relating to diet or general) (4)
- pallor (hands' creases, lower eye lid) - koilonichia (nail spooning) shows iron def - enlarged smooth tongue shows b12 def - tachycardia
27
anemia on physical exam: bone marrow failure signs
infection, bruising, petechiae (tiny red dots in legs)
28
anemia on physical exam: chronic illness signs
look for evidence of chronic illness (sepsis, lupus, dialysis showing renal failure, rheumatoid arthrisis)
29
anemia on physical exam: signs of hemolysis (2)
- jaundice. heme converted to bilirubin | - splenomegaly
30
anemia: signs of bleeding on physical exam
- nose bleed | - GI bleeding
31
4 things to cover in lab investigations for anemia (includes 3 most important)
- reticulocyte count - MCV - CBC - other lab values
32
reticulocyte count shows what (if increased and if decreased). comes back to 6 causes
increased: blood loss, hemolysis, diet deficiency supplemented decreased: abnormal bone marrow, chronic illness, diet deficiency unsupplemented
33
CBC: what to look for and what it can tell us
WBCs RBCs and Hb platelets if 2+ deficient, BM or diet problem
34
MCV: what microcyticanemias show
-microcytotic show Hb synthesis deficiency
35
4 causes of microcytic anemia
iron deficiency thalassemia sideroblastic anemia chronic illness
36
2 types of macrocytic anemias, what they show, how to distinguish them
megaloblastic (more than 108 fl): abnormal DNA synthesis | non-megaloblastic (95-108 fl): RBCs large for other reason
37
MCV: causes of megaloblastic anemia (4)
- B12 deficiency - Folate deficiency - Drugs (chemo) - myelodysplastic syndrome
38
MCV: causes of non-megaloblastic anemia (3)
- reticulocytosis - liver disease - thyroid disease
39
normocytic anemia: what we usually see and causes
low retic count: shows cause is aplastic anemia, leukemia (primary bone failure) or renal failure, chronic illness (BM suppression)
40
other lab investigations: what peripheral blood smear helps see
RBC shape (sickle cell, fragments show hemolysis, ancanthocyte shows liver prob, elliptocyte shows membrane prob)
41
other lab tests used in anemia
ferritin, serum iron, b12 and folate, liver renal thryoid function, BM aspirate, % sat, Hb electrophoresis for Hb problem
42
main sign of hemolysis
elevated reticulocyte count
43
4 causes of hemolysis
Hb problem, enzyme problem, membrane problem, external problem
44
ex of extra corpuscular problems giving hemolysis (2)
- autoimmune hemolytic anemia | - heart valves violent flow
45
ex of cell membrane problem giving hemolysis (2)
- elliptocytosis | - spherocytosis
46
ex of Hb problem giving hemolysis (2)
- sickle cell | - thalassemia
47
ex of enzyme problem giving hemolysis (2)
G6PD deficiency, pyruvate kinase deficiency
48
what lab investigations can show hemolysis (think of 4 causes of hemolysis + consequence)
-retic count (main) - anti-globulin (Coomb's) test - blood smear - Hb electrophoresis - enzyme levels - haptoglobin - bilirubin - LDH (lactate dehydrogenase)
49
haptoglobin job and value in hemolysis
free in blood and binds Hb. we measure free haptoglobin so drops in hemolysis

Bloc B - Respiration (36 decks)

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