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IM3 > Anemia > Flashcards

Anemia Flashcards

1
Q

what is anemia

A

a condition in which the blood lacks healthy RBCs

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2
Q

what are the most common causes for anemia

A

acute blood loss
decreased or faulty RBC production
destruction of RBCs

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3
Q

if RBCs are less than 6 then we need to hang ____ unit of blood

A

1

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4
Q

what can cause chronic anemia

A

cancer
immunodeficiency syndrome
renal disease
liver disease
autoimmune disease

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5
Q

what nutritional deficiency can cause chronic anemia

A

iron
folate
vit b

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6
Q

what hereditary conditions can cause chronic anemia

A

sickle cell
thalassemia

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7
Q

what 3 things can cause acute anemia

A

surgery
active-bleeding trauma
immunocompromised pt

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8
Q

what assessments will we do for a pt who has anemia

A

fatigue
weakness
pallor
SOB
dysrhythmia
chest pain
tachycardia
cool extremites

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9
Q

what interventions can we do for a pt with anemia

A

admin blood products
hematopoietic drugs
encourage diet rich in the deficient nutrient
control source of acute bleeding

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10
Q

what are the two types of anemia

A

iron deficiency
folate deficinecy

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11
Q

what can cause iron deficiency

A

poor diet intake of iron rich foods
absorption problem in the gut

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12
Q

what happens in the body when you have iron deficiency anemia

A

iron stores are depleted resulting in a decreased iron supply for manufacturing of HGB in RBCs

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13
Q

how much iron does a man need per day

A

8mg

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14
Q

how much iron does a female need per day

A

18mg

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15
Q

if a female is pregnant or breastfeeding how much iron should they intake daily

A

27mg

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16
Q

iron deficiency pts will have _____ and two labs ______ and ______ are low

A

weakness
Hgb
HCT

17
Q

what are the interventions for iron deficiency

A

increase oral intake of iron
increase food choices high in iron
iron supplements
IM injections of iron
IV admin in serious cases

18
Q

how should IM injections of iron be given, what method

A

z-track method

19
Q

pts should take iron supplements on an _______ stomach

A

empty

20
Q

pts should take iron supplements with vit _____

A

C

21
Q

don’t take iron with _____ supplements

A

milk

22
Q

tell pt that stools will be _______ and black

A

tarry

23
Q

what foods are rich in iron

A

oysters
white beans
dark chocolate
beef liver
lentils
spinach
tofu
kidney beans
sardines
chickpeas
canned tomatoes
beef
potatoes
cashews
fortified breakfast cereal

24
Q

what is macrocytic anemia

A

inadequate intake of vit b12 or lack of absorption of ingested vit b12

25
Q

what is pernicious anemia

A

deficiency of intrinsic factor

26
Q

how will a pt with iron deficiency anemia appear on assessment

A

severe pallor
fatigue
wt loss
smooth, beefy red tongue

27
Q

what are interventions that we can do for vitamin b12 deficiency

A

increase dietary intake of foods rich in vit b12
admin v b12 injections

28
Q

what are foods rich in vit b12

A

meat
poultry
fish
shellfish
eggs
dairy
citrus fruits
dried beans
green leafy veggies
liver
nuts

29
Q

what can cause folate deficiency anemia

A

celiac disease
crohn’s disease
small bowel obstruction
pregnancy
alcoholism

30
Q

in folate anemia RBCs are ______ and ______ shaped

A

larger shaped and oval shaped

31
Q

RBCs in folate deficiency are larger and oval shaped due to the lack of

A

folate

32
Q

what is the assessment for a vit b12 deficiency pt

A

dyspepsia
smooth beefy, red tongue
pallor, fatigue, weakness
tinnitus
tachycardia

33
Q

what are the interventions for a pt that has a vit b12 deficiency

A

diet rich in folic acid
admin folic acid

34
Q

what are foods rich in folic acid

A

dark green leafy veggies
beans
peanuts
sunflower seeds
fresh fruit, fruit juice
whole grains
liver
eggs
seafood

IM3 (47 decks)

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