DMT2

Question 1

What ethnic groups are type 2 diabetes more prevalent in

Answer 1

All ethnic groups but a higher risk in non-whites

Question 2

Is type 2 diabetes a rapid or slow onset

Answer 2

Slower onset

Question 3

How long will one have type 2 diabetes before actually being diagnosed

Answer 3

Typically 6-7 yrs

Question 4

What happens to the cells in a type 2 diabetic

Answer 4

They become insulin resistant

Question 5

What are the four leading factors to type 2 diabetes

Answer 5

Insulin resistance
Pre-diabetes
Metabolic syndrome
Gestational diabetes

Question 6

What is the pre-diabetes glucose tolerance test level

Answer 6

140-199

Question 7

What is the pre-diabetes fasting blood glucose level

Answer 7

100-125

Question 8

What is the Hgb H1C level in a person with pre-diabetics

Answer 8

5.7 - 6.4

Question 9

How does metabolic syndrome increase risk for type 2 diabetes

Answer 9

Elevated glucose levels
Abdominal obesity
Elevated bp
High levels of triglycerides
Decreased levels of hdls

Question 10

What level do we want our total cholesterol level to be under

Answer 10

Under 200

Question 11

What level do we want our LDL to be under

Answer 11

Under 100

Question 12

What level do we want our triglycerides under

Answer 12

Under 150

Question 13

What level should our HDL be over for women

Answer 13

Higher than 50

Question 14

What level should HDL be over for men

Answer 14

Higher than 40 for men

Question 15

What are risk factors that could be changed before a diabetes diagnoses (4)

Answer 15

BMI greater than 26
Physical inactivity
HDL less than 35
Metabolic syndrome

Question 16

What are non-modifiable rich factors for getting diabetes (7)

Answer 16

First-degree relative with dm
Members of high risk ethnic population
Women who delivered a baby greater than 9 lbs or greater or had GDM
HTN
Women with PCOS
HgA1C of 5.7% or greater
History of CVD

Question 17

Signs & symptoms of type 2 diabetes (10)

Answer 17

Polyuria, nocturia
Polydipsia
Polyphagia
Recurrent infections
Prolonged wound healing
Vision changes
Fatigue
HgA1C 6.5% or more
FPG 126 or more
Metabolic syndrome

Question 18

How can we medically manage type 2 diabetes (7)

Answer 18

Education
Monitoring glycemic control
Diet
Exercise
Monitoring for complications
Oral glucose control agents
Insulin if needed

Question 19

What type of medication is metformin

Answer 19

An oral glucose medication

Question 20

What class is metformin

Answer 20

Biguanides

Question 21

Why is metformin used and what does it do

Answer 21

Reduces glucose production by liver

Question 22

When is metformin started

Answer 22

Started immediately after the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes

Question 23

What side effects may metformin cause (2)

Answer 23

Gi upset
Lactic acidosis

Question 24

When can metformin not be administered

Answer 24

When dye in CT or MRI scans is going to be used

Question 25

How long should we hold metformin when a pt will go for a scan with diagnostic dye

Answer 25

Hold for 48hrs before test and 48hrs after test

Question 26

Why do we hold metformin for these tests that use dyes

Answer 26

Because the pt could go into renal failure or lactic acidosis

Question 27

What is the first step in treatment of type 2 diabetes

Answer 27

Diet and exercise

Question 28

What is the second step to treat type 2 diabetes

Answer 28

Lifestyle changes plus taking metformin

Question 29

What is the third step in the treatment of type 2 diabetes

Answer 29

Lifestyle changes plus metformin and add a second drug

Question 30

What is the fourth step in treatment for type 2 diabetes

Answer 30

Lifestyle changes plus metformin and insulin therapy

Question 31

What do sulfonylureas do for a type 2 diabetic

Answer 31

Increase insulin production from pancreas

Question 32

What are the side effects from sulfonylureas

Answer 32

Hypoglycemia and weight gain

Question 33

What second-generation sulfonylureas are commonly used (3)

Answer 33

Glipizide Glyburide Glimepride

Question 34

What can alcohol potential the effects of

Answer 34

Hypoglycemia

Question 35

What are other medications that are not directly related to diabetes (6)

Answer 35

Statin drugs Ace inhibitors Calcium channel blockers Angiotensen II receptor blockers Diuretics Beta blockers

Question 36

What do statin drugs treat

Answer 36

Treat cholesterol and hyperlipidemia

Question 37

What do ace inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin II receptor blockers treat

Answer 37

HTN Renal insufficiency

Question 38

What do diuretics treat

Answer 38

Fluid overload and hypertension control

Question 39

Why do we not put diabetics on beta blockers

Answer 39

It masks warning signs of hypoglycemia

Question 40

What do beta blockers treat

Answer 40

Used for hypertension and decrease cardiovasculardisease

Question 41

What should we teach a type 2 diabetic

Answer 41

Diet Exercise Wt loss Drug therapy Nutritional therapy Exercise Self-monitoring of bs

Question 42

What are the long term effects of hyperglycemia

Answer 42

Major CVD: ischemic heart disease, stroke Lower-extremity amputation Dka,hhs Skin & soft tissue infections Pneumonia Influenza Bacteremia / sepsis Tb