Cancer Intro

Question 1

What are the two good genes associated with cancer

Answer 1

Proto-oncogene
Tumor suppressor gene

Question 2

What are the two bad genes associated with cancer

Answer 2

Oncogene
Mutated tumor suppressor gene

Question 3

What does the proto-oncogene do?

Answer 3

Controls growth of cells

Question 4

What is the oncogene

Answer 4

Mutated proto-oncogene

Question 5

What does the oncogene do

Answer 5

Uncontrolled cell growth

Question 6

What does the tumor suppressor gene do

Answer 6

Slow down cellular division
Cause cell death

Question 7

What does the mutated tumor suppressor gene do

Answer 7

Uncontrolled cell growth

Question 8

What do well differentiated cells resemble

Answer 8

Resemble normal cells

Question 9

Are well differentiated cells mature or immature

Answer 9

Mature

Question 10

Well differentiated cells function more like a ______ cell

Answer 10

Normal

Question 11

Do well differentiated cells grow at a slower or faster rate

Answer 11

Slower

Question 12

Are well differentiated cells aggressive or less aggressive

Answer 12

Less aggressive

Question 13

Are well differentiated cells typically benign or malignant

Answer 13

Typically benign

Question 14

Poorly differentiated cells do not resemble _______ cells

Answer 14

Normal

Question 15

Are poorly differentiated cells immature or mature cells

Answer 15

Immature

Question 16

Poorly differentiated cells lack

Answer 16

Structure and function

Question 17

Are poorly differentiated cells aggressive or less aggressive

Answer 17

Aggressive

Question 18

Are poorly differentiated cells typically benign or typically malignant

Answer 18

Typically malignant

Question 19

Benign cells only grow _____ and cannot spread by ______ or ______

Answer 19

Locally
Invasion
Metastasis

Question 20

Malignant cells invade neighboring ________, enter ______, and metastasize to ______ sites

Answer 20

Tissues
Blood vessels
Different

Question 21

What is the mode of a benign cell

Answer 21

Expands, usually encapsulated

Question 22

What is the rate of growth for a benign Cell

Answer 22

Usually slow

Question 23

Do benign cells metastasize

Answer 23

No

Question 24

Is there any destruction associated with benign cells

Answer 24

Usually none unless blood flow is impaired

Question 25

Is there any morbidity with benign tumors

Answer 25

Minimal-unless location interferes w/ vital functions

Question 26

What is the mode of malignant cells

Answer 26

Sends out projections that infiltrate and destroy

Question 27

What is the growth rate of malignant tumors

Answer 27

Variable growth rate

Question 28

Do malignant tumors metastasize

Answer 28

Yes

Question 29

Does a benign tumor have localized or generalized effects

Answer 29

localized

Question 30

Does a malignant tumor have localized or generalized effects

Answer 30

generalized

Question 31

What are the generalized effects from a malignant cell (3)

Answer 31

anemia weakness wt. loss

Question 32

Do benign tumors cause any destruction in the body

Answer 32

not usually unless there is impaired blood flow

Question 33

Do malignant tumors cause any destruction in the body

Answer 33

often extensive

Question 34

Malignant tumors excrete _____ and use up _______ during destruction

Answer 34

toxins blood supply

Question 35

What is the morbidity rate for someone with a benign tumor

Answer 35

minimal unless location interferes with vital function

Question 36

What is the morbidity rate for someone with a malignant tumor

Answer 36

high unless growth & spread can be controlled/stopped

Question 37

What is the definition of metastasis

Answer 37

malignant cells travel through blood or lymph system & invade other tissues or organs to form secondary tumor

Question 38

What are the 4 common sites of metastases

Answer 38

brain lung liver bone

Question 39

Which site is the most painful site to have metastasis

Answer 39

bone

Question 40

What is primary prevention for a cancer pt

Answer 40

wellness health promotion & illness prevention reduction of cancer mortality via reduction in incidence of cancer

Question 41

How is primary prevention accomplished (5)

Answer 41

avoiding a carcinogen adequate & proper nutrition stress reduction lifestyle changes dietary changes

Question 42

What is secondary prevention

Answer 42

screening diagnoses & treatment

Question 43

what is the goal of secondary prevention

Answer 43

halt progress of cancer through early screening & diagnoses

Question 44

what is tertiary prevention

Answer 44

disease treatment & rehabilitation health restoration

Question 45

what is the goal of tertiary prevention

Answer 45

prevent further deterioration

Question 46

Tamoxifen is a chemo preventative for

Answer 46

breast cancer

Question 47

What does tamoxifen bind

Answer 47

estrogen & progesterone receptors

Question 48

What are the types of screening for a cancer pt (4)

Answer 48

physical exam lab tests imaging procedures genetic testing

Question 49

What are the seven warning signs of cancer

Answer 49

Change in bowel or bladder habits A sore that does not heal Unusual bleeding or discharge Thickening or lump in breast or else where Indigestion or difficulty swallowing Obvious change in a wart or mole Nagging cough or hoarseness

Question 50

tumor markers determine if the body is what

Answer 50

responding to treatment

Question 51

what is the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)

Answer 51

it is a tumor marker

Question 52

what does the CEA determine

Answer 52

determines if treatment is sufficent