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IM3 > Pneumonia > Flashcards

Pneumonia Flashcards

1
Q

What is pneumonia

A

An infection that inflames your lung air sacs (alveoli)

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2
Q

Clinical s/s of pneumonia

A

Fever
Chills
Malaise
Pleural pain
Dyspnea
Hemoptysis
Productive or dry cough- green/yellow/rust in color
Coughing
Adventitious lung sounds - diminished or crackles

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3
Q

What are risk factors for community acquired pneumonia

A

Cigarette smoking
Alcohol
recent upper respiratory tract infection
Old age
AIDS
Pre-existing lung disease
Corticosteroid therapy
Indoor air pollution
Recent influenza infection

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4
Q

What is community acquired pneumonia

A

Seeing some s/s of pneumonia in a person who is not hospitalized or in a long term care facility for greater than 14 days before onset of symps

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5
Q

When does community acquired pneumonia occur

A

Often in winter & spring months

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6
Q

Where can community pneumonia be treated

A

Can be treated at home or in hospital depending on severity

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7
Q

What treatment do community pneumonia pts need asap

A

Antibiotics

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8
Q

What organism cause community pneumonia

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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9
Q

What are risk factories for pneumonia

A

Chronic illness debilitation
Cancer
Abdominal or thoracic surgery
Atelectasis
Colds/viral respiratory infections
Chronic respiratory disease
Flu
Smoking
Alcoholism
Malnutrition
Sickle cell disease
Immunosuppressive therapy
Tracheostomy
Exposure to noxious gases
Aspiration

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10
Q

What diagnoses pneumonia

A

Chest x-ray
Sputum culture
ABGs
CBC - WBC usually greater than 14
Blood cultures
Thoracentesis
Bronchoscopy
CRP

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11
Q

How long will a pneumonia pt be on antibiotic treatment

A

5-10 days

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12
Q

What if a pt wants to discontinue antibiotics while they are still taking them, what do we teach them?

A

Teach them to finish antibiotics because they could develop a resistance to them which is dangerous

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13
Q

When do pneumonia pts repeat the chest x-ray

A

6-8 wks

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14
Q

If symps are worse, what should we teach a pt to do

A

Call the dr

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15
Q

To prevent further infection, what should we teach pt to do to prevent spread

A

Wash hands

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16
Q

When do we know a pneumonia pt is getting better

A

When SaO2 is greater than 95%

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17
Q

If a pneumonia pt is delayed in getting antibiotics what rate increases

A

Their mortality rate

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18
Q

What treatments can we give pneumonia pts

A

Humidified O2
Mechanical ventilation
High calorie diet and adequate fluid
Bronchodilator’s
Antitussives
Splint chest to cough

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19
Q

What is aspiration pneumonia

A

Inflammation of lungs and bronchial tubes caused by breathing in a foreign substance (food, liquid, vomit, etc)

20
Q

What happens after aspiration pneumonia occurs

A

A bacterial infection usually occurs 48-72 hrs after aspiration pneumonia

21
Q

What are risk factors for aspiration pneumonia

A

Decreased LOC
Difficulty swallowing
NG tube
Alcohol intoxication
Gingivitis
Seizures

22
Q

What is hospital (nosocomial) acquired pneumonia

A

Pneumonia that occurs 48 hrs or more after admission and pneumonia that was not incubating at the time of hospitalization

23
Q

What is ventilator associated pneumonia

A

Develops more than 48-72 hrs after intubation

24
Q

What is healthcare associated pneumonia

A

Pneumonia in a non hospitalized pt with extensive healthcare contact

25
Q

What is medical acquired pneumonia

A

Been in hospital last 90 days or treatment at a hemodialysis clinic in last 30 days

26
Q

Why do we collect a sputum culture

A

To see what type of antibiotics we need to give the pt to treat the pneumonia

27
Q

When we give Beta-lactam shots what must we do for 30 mins

A

Observe pts for 30 mins for allergic reaction

28
Q

Where should we give cepholasporin shots

A

Big muscles (butt or legs)

29
Q

What are carbapenems

A

Big gun antibitotics usually saved as last resort
Meropenem
Imipenem
Ertapenem

30
Q

Should we eat before taking macrolides

A

No, best to take on empty stomach

31
Q

What drink should we avoid when taking macrolides

A

Avoid grape juice

32
Q

What should we teach pts to report when they are taking quinolones

A

Report tendon pain
They are at risk for tendon rupture

33
Q

What med has a black box warning

A

Quinolones

34
Q

What should a pt avoid exposure to when they are taking Quinolones

A

Avoid exposure to sun or artificial sun

35
Q

What is important to teach pt to take when they are on expectorant

A

Important to take with a full glass of water

36
Q

What should a pt avoid when taking expectorant

A

Avoid taking maoi’s inhibitors

37
Q

What drug should we not use mote than 7 days without seeking medical treatment

A

Antitussive

38
Q

What should we avoid taking when we are on antitussive meds

A

Avoid maoi’s inhibitors

39
Q

What activities should a pt avoid while they are on antitussive meds

A

Anything requiring mental alertness or coordination

40
Q

When giving the antitussive with promethazine with codeine what life threatening thing should we watch for

A

Respiratory depression

41
Q

How many sprays should we do for a decongestant nasal spray

A

2 to 3 sprays in nostrils BID up to 3 days

42
Q

What should we teach pt who is taking a decongestant nasal spray

A

Not to use longer than 3 days due to rebound congestion

43
Q

When taking an decongestant what should a pt not take along with this

A

Maoi inhibitor

44
Q

what s/s should a pt report when they are on decongestants

A

Cardiac dysfunction

45
Q

What time should a pt not take a decongestant

A

At bed time to avoid insomnia

46
Q

What should we teach pt when they get the flu vaccine

A

Teach that even after vaccine pt can still get flu but it should be less severe

IM3 (47 decks)

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