Flashcards in Anemia (slides only) Deck (48)
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1
How many people does iron deficiency anemia effect?
1 billion
2
What hallmark symptoms do we see in severe anemia?
fainting, chest pain, angina heart attack
3
Do we see in or decreased size of spleen in anemia?
enlarged
4
What are the 3 major types of anemia?
1. Dilutional
2. Decreased RBC production
3. Increased RBC breakdown
5
What type of anemia does anemia of prematurity fall under?
Dilutional
- reduced EPO, overzealous laboratory testing
6
How do we get apparent dilution anemia? 3
1. excessive sodium or fluid intake
2. sodium or water retention, fluid shift intravascular
3. pregnancy
7
How many days does it take for erythrocyte development?
5.5 days (lasts for 3 months)
8
How long do reticulocytes stay before becoming erythrocytes?
3 days
9
Pure red blood cell aplasia is also known as what?
erythroblastopenia
10
Review the following things that can cause pure red blood cell aplasia.
autoimmune
thymoma
viral infections (eg HIV, herpes, parvovirus B19)
lymphoproliferative
congenital
11
What are the 3 main causes of aplastic anemia?
-Fanconi anemia- problem with DNA repair
-Anemia of Renal failure- insufficient EPO
-Anemia of endocrine disorders
12
What cell cyle point is megaloblastic anemia stuck in?
G2
13
what is addisons anemia or biermers anemia?
pernicious anemia- intrinsic factor loss
14
What is the best indicator of iron deficiency anemia?
Ferritin
15
What is iron deficiency anemia almost always due to?
insufficient dietary intake of anyone with chronic blood loss (preg women, toddlers, GI bleeds)
16
What is the most common cause of iron deficiency in the US? in the world?
GI bleed
parasitic infection
17
True or false- the total iron amount in the body is 3.5 grams in it doesn't take long to deplete stores?
False- it is 3.5 g but it takes a while to deplete
18
If I have ferritin of 20 and normal erythrocytes what might I think? what about ferritin of 10 and normal erythrocytes? what about ferritin <10 and microcytic/hypochromatic erythrocytes?
1. Iron depletion
2. Iron deficient erythropoiesis
3. Iron deficiency anemia
19
Is the oral bioavailability of iron high or low?
Very low
20
What happens to lactate dehydrogenase, haptoglobin, reticulocyte count and bilirubin in hemolytic anemia?
1. increase
2.decreae
3. increase
4. increase
21
Does warm or cold hemolytic anemia occur by IgM?
Cold excessive rite permits binding in the cold [think viruses or cancer], Warm is IgG [think autoimmune]
22
If we have anemia with small cells, what should we think about the environment and the genetics?
too little iron
too much lead
thalessemias
23
If we have anemia with large cells, what should we think about the environment?
too little B12 or B9 or a drug side effect
24
If we have anemia with normal cells but decreased survival, what should we think about the environment and the genetics?
acute hemorrhage
sickle cells
25
If we have anemia with normal cells but bad cell development, what should we think about the environment and the genetics?
chronic disease or aplastic anemia
G6PD enzyme
cell shape (spherical)
leukemia
26
What helps absorption of oral iron?
Vitamin C
27
Are ferrous salts or ferric salts much better?
ferrous Fe2+
28
Where is iron absorbed?
duodenum and proximal jéjunum
Sustained release pills don't work well
29
Are oral iron supplement pH dependent?
yes! don't take things that kill the acid
30
