Flashcards in Toxicology I Deck (76)
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1
What are most poisons produced by?
medication
2
What type of medications produce the greets number of poisons?
OTC analgesics
3
What do street drugs rank on the poisons list?
10th
4
What are the most common non-medication toxicities from?
household cleaning products
5
Are people actually worried more about lower risks than higher ones?
yes
6
What are the 2 main goals of toxicology?
1. protection of humans and the environment
2. development of better selective toxicants.
7
What was paracelsus major statement in terms of toxicology?
All substances are poison, there is none which is not a poison. The right dose differentiates a poison from a remedy.
[1. tried to experiment with toxins
2. tried to distinguish dose ranges
3. requested that active ingredients be extracted to have better and stronger effect]
8
Is poison a quantatative or qualitative concept?
Quant.
9
What is the most lethal toxin?
Botulinus Toxin
10
What is the most lethal manmade toxin?
TCDD dioxin
11
How many children die each year of unintentional poisoning? leading cause of death?
More than 45,000 (5-17 age) 5th leading cause of injury death
12
How man unintentional poisoning deaths in the US. in 2014
36,280
11.6 per 100,000
13
T-F--trends of deaths by poison has been falling? motor vehicle accidents?
False
True
14
When does rates of poisoning deaths jump up according to age?
late teens, 20
drops off at 60
highest at 50
15
Poisoning in young children <5 is most likely caused by what? 2nd cause? 3rd?
Parents medications (over half)
Cosmetics
Cleaning supplies
16
How many of adolescent poisonings are intentional, either as a suicide or substance abuse?
Over half
17
In adults what poisons far outnumber street drugs?
prescriptions
18
What is the percentage of unintentional poisoning in hospitals by drugs?
79%
19
What is risk in terms of toxicology?
The probability or likelihood of adverse effects occurring
20
Is smoke plum or alcohol exposure voluntary? under own control? known risks? common risks? immediate adverse effects? consequences reversible?
1.alcohol
2. alcohol
3. Alcohol
4. Alcohol
5. Alcohol but both can be or not be
6. Alcohol, but both can be or not be.
21
IS poisoning a growing problem?
Yes
22
What is the 3 step approach to risk prevention?
1. Hazrd Identification and analysis
2. Risk Assessment
3. Risk Management
23
T-F- inhalation exposure is easy to avoid?
False
24
4 key air pollutants?
CO, SOx, NOx, Ozone
25
Air pollution is a risk factor for what 2 things?
cardiac death and pulmonary conditions
26
How many US people live in areas with pollutant concentrations deemed unsafe?
1/3
27
What two air pollutants are asphyxiants?
CO
cyanide
28
What air pollutants are irritants?
SO2
NO2
SMOG-OZONE, aldehydes, particles, hydrocarbons
29
What are the 6 criteria pollutants?
CO
SO2
NO2
OZone
PM
Lead
30
