Animal Diversity Flashcards
(129 cards)
1
Q
What are the 6 features of the animal kingdom?
A
- Cells do not have cell walls
- Multicellular
- Capable of motion in some stage of their lives
- Heterotrophic
- Respond quickly to external stimuli
- Reproduce sexually
2
Q
Why are animals able to respond quickly to external stimuli?
A
Because of the nerve cells, muscle or contractile tissue, or both.
3
Q
Where is the phylogenetic tree of animals based on?
A
Morphological, fossil, and genetic evidence.
4
Q
What are the nine (9) phyla in the animal kingdom?
A
Phylum:
1. Porifera
2. Cnidaria
3. Platyhelminthes
4. Nematoda
5. Mollusca
6. Annelida
7. Arthropoda
8. Echinodermata
9. Chordata
5
Q
What characteristic separates Phylum Cnidaria from other phyla?
A
It has radial symmetry while other phyla have bilateral tissue symmetry
6
Q
What is the phylum that has an asymmetric body?
A
Phylum Porifera
7
Q
What is the phylum that has a radially symmetric body?
A
Phylum Cnidaria
8
Q
What are the phyla that have bilateral tissue symmetric body?
A
Phylum:
1. Platyhelminthes
2. Nematoda
3. Mollusca
4. Annelida
5. Arthropoda
6. Echinodermata
7. Chordata
9
Q
What characteristic separates Phylum Platyhelminthes from other phyla?
A
Other phyla have a body cavity
10
Q
What are the phyla that are protostomes?
A
Phylum:
1. Nematoda
2. Mollusca
3. Annelida
4. Arthropoda
11
Q
What are the phyla that are deuterostomes?
A
Phylum:
1. Echinodermata
2. Chordata
12
Q
What phylum is a pseudocoelomate?
A
Phylum Nematoda
13
Q
What phyla are protostome coelomates?
A
Phylum:
1. Mollusca
2. Annelida
3. Arthropoda
14
Q
What phyla are deuterostome coelomates?
A
Phylum:
1. Echinodermata
2. Chordata
15
Q
How does the Phylum Porifera reproduce?
A
Through sexual and asexual reproduction
16
Q
Phylum Porifera have __ __ tissues
A
Have no true tissues
17
Q
Why does the Phylum Porifera have no true tissues?
A
it only has a conglomerate of cells
18
Q
An organism fixed in one place
A
Sessile
19
Q
Six (6) main types of herbivores
A
- Frugivores
- Granivores
- Nectivores
- Folivores
- Xylophages
- Detritivores
20
Q
Herbivore that eats mostly fruits
A
Frugivores
21
Q
Herbivore that eats mostly seeds
A
Granivores
22
Q
Herbivore that eats mostly nectar
A
Nectivores
23
Q
Herbivore that eats mostly leaves
A
Folivores
24
Q
Herbivore that eats mostly wood
A
Xylophages
25
Herbivore that eats mostly dead plant material
Detritivores
26
A person who does not eat meat but does eat fish
Pescetarian
27
Three (3) types of carnivores
1. Hypercarnivores
2. Hypocarnivores
3. Mesocarnivores
28
Carnivores whose diet consists of at least 70% meat.
Hypercarnivores
29
Carnivores who consume meat for less than 30% of their diet.
Hypocarnivores
30
Carnivores who depend on meat for at least 50% of their diet.
Mesocarnivores
31
An organism that has both kinds of reproductive organs and can produce both gametes
Hermaphrodite
32
An organism that either has male or female parts, but not both
Dioecious
33
An organism that has both male and female parts
Monoecious
34
An organism that changes its sex at some point in its life
Sequential hermaphrodite
35
What is the habitat of the Phylum Porifera?
- Marine
- Freshwater
36
What are the three (3) types of canal system in Poriferans?
1. Ascon
2. Sycon
3. Leucon
37
the simplest type canal system found in Poriferans
Ascon
38
this type of canal system is slightly complicated and advanced than the asconoid one
Sycon
39
the complex type of canal system
Leucon
40
What are the skeletal elements of the Phylum Porifera?
- Calcium carbonate
- Silicon
- Spongin
41
a large aperture in a sponge through which water is expelled
Osculum
42
the large central cavity of Poriferans
Spongocoel
43
Hundreds of tiny pores in Poriferans
Ostia
44
the distinctive cells that line the interior body walls of Poriferans
Choanocytes
45
Phylum Porifera: The __
The Sponges
46
Bud that have a protective layer because of the harsh environment during its development
Gemmule
47
Phylum Cnidaria: The __
The Stingers
48
Examples of animals in the Phylum Cnidaria
- Jelly fish
- Corals
- Anemones
49
What are the cells that define the Phylum Cnidaria?
Cnidocytes (stinging cells)
50
Cnidocytes contain an explosive organelle called ___
cnidocyst
51
Cnidocytes are like __
harpoons
52
What is the habitat of the Phylum Cnidaria?
- Marine
- Freshwater
53
Two (2) body types of the Phylum Cnidaria
1. Medusa
2. Polyp
54
tubular shape and fastened at their base with the mouth facing the water at the other end of the tube
Polyp
55
bell-shaped body with hanging tentacles
Medusa
56
Organ where the mouth of medusa is located
Manubrium
57
What digestive tract does the Phylum Cnidaria have?
Incomplete digestive tract
58
Type of reproduction in the Phylum Cnidaria
Sexual and asexual
59
Phylum Platyhelminthes: The __
The Flatworms
60
Examples of animals in the Phylum Platyhelminthes
- flukes
- planaria
- tapeworms
61
Phylum Platyhelminthes have three primary germ layers which indicates that they are ___
triploblastic
62
Refers to the body of Phylum Platyhelminthes, which is flat from the upper as well as the lower surfaces
flattened dorsoventrally
63
What type of body cavity does the Phylum Platyhelminthes have?
Acoelomate
64
What types of cephalization does the Phylum Platyhelminthes exhibit?
Anterior and Posterior
65
What is the habitat of Phylum Platyhelminthes?
- freshwater
- marine
- terrestrial
66
Phylum Platyhelminthes are both __ __ and ___
- free-living
- parasitic
67
living freely and independently, not as a parasite or attached to a substrate.
free-living
68
feed off of a host and some also live within the host.
parasitic
69
What type of digestive tract does the Phylum Platyhelminthes have?
incomplete digestive tract
70
What does an incomplete digestive tract look like?
mouth = anus
71
What serves as the brain of Phylum Platyhelminthes?
ganglia
72
A host in which the parasite reaches maturity and, if applicable, reproduces sexually.
Primary host
73
A host that harbors the parasite only for a short transition period, during which (usually) some developmental stage is completed.
Secondary host
74
Phylum Nematoda: The __
Roundworms
75
What is the body of the Phylum Nematoda?
unsegmented
76
Phylum Nematoda have three primary germ layers which indicates that they are ___
triploblastic
77
The Phylum Nematoda is grossly __
polyphyletic
78
What type of digestive tract does the Phylum Nematoda have?
Complete digestive tract
79
What type of body cavity does the Phylum Nematoda have?
fluid-filled pseudocoelomate
80
What does the longitudinal muscles of the Phylum Nematoda produce?
whipping motion
81
Phylum Nematoda are __ which means they are found everywhere
Cosmopolitan
82
What is the habitat of the Phylum Nematoda
- terrestrial
- aquatic
83
Approximately how many species are there in the Phylum Nematoda?
~700,000 species
84
Some examples of the Phylum Nematoda
- ascaris
- whipworm
- hookworm
85
It refers to the intestinal worms infecting humans that are transmitted through contaminated soil
Soil-transmitted helminths
86
- an infectious syndrome caused by multiple types of hookworms.
- This is most commonly transmitted by animal feces depositing eggs in the soil, with larvae entering humans through direct contact with skin.
Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM)
87
A condition characterized by gross enlargement of an area of the body, especially the limbs, caused by infection with parasites classified as nematodes
Elephantiasis
88
Phylum Mollusca: __-__
Soft-Bodied
89
What type of body does the Phylum Mollusca have?
soft body
90
Where can the shells of the Phylum Mollusca be found?
internal and external
91
Where can the Phylum Mollusca be found?
mostly marine (snails are terrestrial)
92
Examples of animals in the Phylum Mollusca
- slugs
- clams
- squids
- octopuses/ octopi
93
(Phylum Mollusca) The dorsal body wall which covers the visceral mass and usually protrudes in the form of flaps well beyond the visceral mass itself.
mantle
94
Mollusks possess a __, which is similar to a tongue with teeth-like projections, serving to shred or scrape food.
radula
95
the gill of a mollusc consisting typically of a respiratory structure that resembles a comb or feather
Ctenidium
96
A rigid internal structure that supports the squid's body and runs through the upper part of the mantle, between the paired tail fin
Gladius or pen
97
Phylum Annelida: __ __
Segmented Worm
98
What type of body cavity does the Phylum Annelida have?
Coelomate
99
What systems does the Phylum Annelida have?
specialized systems
100
What type of segmentation does the Phylum Annelida have?
Metamerism: true segmentation
101
What type of digestive tract does the Phylum Annelida have?
Complete digestive tract
102
Phylum Annelida are __ which means they are found everywhere
Cosmopolitan
103
Examples of animals in the Phylum Annelida
- earthworm
- tubeworm
- leech
104
a thickened glandular section of the body wall of some annelids that secretes a viscid sac in which the eggs are deposited.
Clitellum
105
Phylum Arthropoda: The __
The Jointed
106
Characteristic of the appendages of the Phylum Arthropoda
Jointed appendages
107
What type of body does the Phylum Arthropoda have?
Segmented Body
108
What is the skeleton of the Phylum Arthropoda?
Exoskeleton
109
The Phylum Arthropoda have chewing mouthparts or __
Mandibles
110
The Phylum Arthropoda undergo __ (egg-larva-adult)
Metamorphosis
111
Examples of animals in the Phylum Arthropoda
- spiders
- crustaceans
- centipedes
112
Shedding of exoskeleton of the previous life stage
Molting
113
Phylum Echinodermata: The __
The Spiny
114
What is the body symmetry of adult Echinoderms?
Radial symmetry
115
Hydraulic system used by echinoderms for locomotion, food and waste transportation, and respiration.
water vascular system
116
What is the internal skeleton of echinoderms made out of?
calcium carbonate
117
Echinoderms are capable of ___
regeneration
118
Examples of animals in the Phylum Echinodermata
- sea stars
- brittle stars
- sea cucumbers
119
a method of autotomy involving the ejection of internal organs used by animals as a defensive strategy
Evisceration
120
Largest phylum in the animal kingdom
Phylum Arthropoda
121
What are the four (4) characteristics that set chordates apart from all other phyla?
- notochord
- pharyngeal gill slits
- postanal tail
- hollow dorsal nerve cord
122
- a cartilaginous skeletal rod supporting the body in all embryonic and some adult chordate animals.
- rod-like embryological structure, which plays a vital role in the development of the vertebrate
Notochord
123
openings between the pharynx, or throat, and the outside, which are sued to filter food particles from the water
Pharyngeal gill slits
124
tail extends beyond the anus
Postanal tail
125
develops into the central nervous system: the brain and the spine
Hollow dorsal nerve cord
126
a triangular arrangement of bone that makes up the very bottom portion of the spine below the sacrum
coccyx (or tailbone in common term)
127
dorsal: __ ; __:front
dorsal:back ; ventral:front
128
Examples of chordates
- tunicates
- sea squirts
- lancelets
- vertebrates
129
Difference between amphibians and reptiles
Amphibians can't live without water (reproduction), while reptiles can live in terrestrial habitats
