Quiz 4 and 5

Question 1

chromosomes in eukaryotes are short and condensed structures visible during ______

Answer 1

cell division

Question 2

identical sister chromatids are bound at the _____

Answer 2

centromere

Question 3

is where microtubules attach during mitosis

Answer 3

kinetochore

Question 4

are TTAGGG sequence repeats at the ends of chromosomes and is important in aging

Answer 4

telomere

Question 5

Nucleic acids have monomers called _____ while proteins are made up of the monomers _____

Answer 5

nucleotides
amino acids

Question 6

The nitrogenous bases are categorized into two. Adenine and guanine are _____ while cytosine, thymine, and uracil are _____

Answer 6

purine (A, G)
pyrimidine (C, T, U)

Question 7

The type of replication that is observed in most of the living systems is _____

Answer 7

semi-conservative

Question 8

lays down RNA primer for the replication of the lagging strand

Answer 8

RNA Primase

Question 9

responsible in the synthesis of new DNA strands

Answer 9

DNA Polymerase III

Question 10

cuts open the double helix to expose the replication templates

Answer 10

Helicase

Question 11

seals the gap between Okazaki fragments at the lagging strand

Answer 11

DNA ligase

Question 12

stabilizes the DNA single strands to prevent them from winding

Answer 12

Single-strand binding protein

Question 13

eukaryotic transcription occurs in what part of the cell

Answer 13

nucleus

Question 14

the protein factor involved in the termination of transcription is called _____

Answer 14

Rho factor

Question 15

the ____ are noncoding sequences in the pre-mRNA that will be edited out in a process called ____

Answer 15

introns
RNA splicing

Question 16

_____ and _____ are added in the pre-mRNA to protect itself from the enzymes in the cytoplasm

Answer 16

5’cap and poly A tail

Question 17

_____ enzyme binds an amino acid to its corresponding tRNA

Answer 17

aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

Question 18

in translation, _____ carries the genetic information for making the protein

Answer 18

mRNA

Question 19

translation stops when the ribosome exposes on its A-site any one of the three stop codons ____, ____, and ____.

Answer 19

UAA, UAG, UGA

Question 20

what is the start codon

Answer 20

AUG

Question 21

apart from binding tissues together, what are other functions of connective tissues?

Answer 21

• produce blood
• support
• store fat and insulates body
• form sheath
• protect body against wound and infection
• helps in body immunity

Question 22

a specialized junction used by epithelial cells to facilitate the movement of ions and molecules across the tissue

Answer 22

gap junctions

Question 23

unicellular glands that are known to produce and secrete mucus

Answer 23

goblet cells

Question 24

enumerate functions of epithelial tissues

Answer 24

• protection
• control permeability
• sensation
• secretions

Question 25

the ability to respond to a stimulus, which may be delivered from a motor neuron or a hormone

Answer 25

excitability

Question 26

the inorganic material that forms the ground substance in cartilage is _____

Answer 26

chondroitin sulphate

Question 27

ground substance of bones

Answer 27

hydroxyapatite (calcium phosphate)

Question 28

the glial cells that form myelin sheaths around axons and neurons are the

Answer 28

- oligodendrocytes - Schwann cells

Question 29

three examples of loose connective tissue

Answer 29

1. areolar 2. adipose 3. reticular

Question 30

tendons and ligaments are examples of ____ and ____ dense connective tissues

Answer 30

- white fibrous tissue - yellow elastic tissue

Question 31

in bone tissues, the development of bones involves ____ cells while bone remodeling to prevent super dense tissue is by ____

Answer 31

osteoblast osteoclast

Question 32

when plasma leaks out of the blood vessels and goes into the surrounding tissues, it becomes the

Answer 32

interstitial fluid

Question 33

the granular leukocytes involved in non-specific immune defense are

Answer 33

- neutrophils - eosinophils - basophils

Question 34

these are cells specialized for storing lipids

Answer 34

adipocytes

Question 35

which muscle tissue has fibers with multiple nucleus

Answer 35

skeletal muscle

Question 36

the gaps between myelin insulation of the axon of neurons where impulses jump as they are transmitted

Answer 36

nodes of ranvier

Question 37

three types of neurons based on function

Answer 37

- sensory neurons - motor neurons - relay neurons (interneurons)

Question 38

cells in connective tissues that are known to produce the organic fibers

Answer 38

fibroblast

Question 39

a type of bone tissue that lacks Haversian canal system and Volkmann's canals

Answer 39

spongy bone tissue

Question 40

the vein where the lymph is being drained back into the blood circulation

Answer 40

subclavian vein

Question 41

the glial cells that help form the blood-brain barrier

Answer 41

astrocytes

Question 42

an explanation of heredity which holds the idea that the genetic material contributed by parents are passed on as discrete heritable units

Answer 42

particulate hypothesis

Question 43

a ____ is a heritable feature that is common to a group of organisms while a ____ is its variant that differentiates every individual

Answer 43

character trait

Question 44

the mating of two contrasting, true-breeding varieties is a process called

Answer 44

hybridization

Question 45

the resulting offspring from a mating is considered the first or second ____ generation

Answer 45

filial

Question 46

When crossing two true breeding lines, the trait of one parent is observed in the offspring. Such trait is ____ over the other. The trait that was hidden is considered as ____.

Answer 46

dominant recessive

Question 47

the variation in inherited characters is because of the alternative versions of genes called ____

Answer 47

alleles

Question 48

in Mendel's law of segregation, random combination of the gametes results in the ____ phenotypic ratio and ____ genotypic ratio in the F2 generation.

Answer 48

3:1 1:2:1

Question 49

the recessive phenotype can only be observed when the genotype is ____

Answer 49

homozygous

Question 50

in ____, two dominant alleles affect the phenotype in separate, distinguishable ways

Answer 50

codominance

Question 51

____ is an interaction wherein a gene at one locus alters the phenotypic expression of a gene at a different locus

Answer 51

epistasis

Question 52

a ____ is a diagram that describes the interrelationships of parents and children across generations

Answer 52

pedigree

Question 53

in tracing genetic disorders, there are heterozygous individuals called ____ who carry the recessive defective allele but are phenotypically normal

Answer 53

carriers