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Biomechanics Exam 1 > Ankle > Flashcards

Ankle Flashcards

1
Q

type of joint

A

hinge

uniaxial, triplanar

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2
Q

ankle joint has how many degrees of freedom

A

1

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3
Q

what are the osseous structures of the ankle joint

A

Lateral surface of the medial malleolus
Medial surface of the lateral malleolus
Tibial plafond
Trochlear surface of the talus

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4
Q

what are the 3 articulations of the ankle joint?

A

Talotibial
Talofibular
Tibiofibular

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5
Q

ankel joint is located — from sagittal plane

A

82

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6
Q

ankle joint is located — from transverse plane

A

8

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7
Q

ankle joint is located — from the frontal plane

A

20-30

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8
Q

clinically, how can the ankle joint axis be located

A

by finding the distal tips of the malleoli

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9
Q

clinically, where does the ankle joint pass through

A

passes laterally, posterior and plantar to medial, anterior and dorsal

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10
Q

what type of motion does the ankle joint provide

A

pronation

supination

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11
Q

why does the instantaneous axis of rotation move very little

A

b/c the articular surfaces are greater than 90% congruent. As a result, the ankle joint comes very close to having true hinge-like motion

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12
Q

small amount of anterior and posterior rotation of the fibula during dorsiflexion and plantarflexion due to

A

large fibular facet

small tibial facet

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13
Q

clinically, how can the ankle joint axis be located

A

by finding the distal tips of the malleoli

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14
Q

what type of motion does the ankle joint provide

A

pronation

supination

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15
Q

primary motion of the ankle joint occurs in what plane

A

sagittal

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16
Q

ankle joint stability is due to what

A
  1. stable joint due to the tight fit of the talus into the ankle mortise
  2. interosseous membrane and interosseous ligaments prevent separation of tibia and fibula
17
Q

what position is the ankle joint more stable in (dorsiflexed or plantarflexed)

A

dorsiflexed position

talus is wider anteriorly (tighter fit)

18
Q

what are 3 sagittal plane restraints provided by muscles?

A

Dorsiflexion is limited by the Achilles tendon
Plantarflexion is limited by the anterior leg muscles
If these muscle restraints are not intact, the limitation may be bony and arthritic changes are likely to develop

19
Q

the trochlear surface of the talus has a —fibular facet and a —tibial facet

A

larger

smaller

20
Q

small amount of anterior and posterior rotation of the fibula during dorsiflexion and plantarflexion due to

A

large fibular facet

small tibial facet

21
Q

b/c of the large weight-bearing surface of the talus, the load:area (stress ratio) is —-

A

less

22
Q

in static stance w/o muscle effort, each ankle bears —of the body weight

A

1/2

23
Q

fibula bears —weight according to some textbooks

A

1/6

24
Q

during gait, maximum load occurs at

A

heel lift (beginning of propulsive phase or near the beginning of terminal stance)

25
Q

at heel lift, the ankle bears — body weight

A

5X

26
Q

the greatest amount of dorsiflexion required during gait occurs when

A

at or near heel lift

this dorsiflexion occurs passively as the momentum carries the tibia over the foot

27
Q

what is the normal ankle joint ROM

A

10 degrees dorsiflexion w/ knee extended
greater than 10 degrees dorsiflexion with knee flexed
plantarflexion should be >20 degrees

28
Q

ankle joint ROM is measured while the subtalar joint is in —- position

A

neutral

29
Q

if the subtalar joint is allowed to pronate what will happened to the ankle joint ROM

A

will be an increase in dorsiflexion as a result of dorsiflexion at the midtarsal joint axis

30
Q

during gait, maximum load occurs at

A

heel lift (beginning of propulsive phase or near the beginning of terminal stance)

31
Q

at heel lift, the ankle bears — body weight

A

5X

32
Q

the greatest amount of dorsiflexion required during gait occurs when

A

at or near heel lift

this dorsiflexion occurs passively as the momentum carries the tibia over the foot

33
Q

ankle joint ROM is measured while the subtalar joint is in —- position

A

neutral

34
Q

if the subtalar joint is allowed to pronate what will happened to the ankle joint ROM

A

will be an increase in dorsiflexion as a result of dorsiflexion at the midtarsal joint axis

35
Q

inversion and eversion are resisted by

A

ligaments

stable bony architecture

36
Q

are lateral and medial ankle ligaments weaker

A

lateral ankle ligaments

are the first to go with an inversion injury of > 10 degrees

37
Q

what factors resist ankle joint dorsiflexion?

A
  1. the position of the knee - the gastrocnemius crosses both the knee and the ankle joints. If it is tight, knee extension will increase its tension and may limit ankle joint dorsiflexion. When the knee is flexed, the tension on the gastroc is released and dorsiflexion may improve
  2. osseous structures
  3. tight intrinsic muscles of the foot or tight plantar fascia
38
Q

provide an example of osseous structures of the ankle joint that may limit motion

A

an exostosis at the dorsal aspect of the talus or the anterior aspect of the distal tibia so that bony impingements results when the ankle joint is dorsiflexed

39
Q

trochlear surface of the talus is —shaped

A

wedged shaped

aka truncated cone (a cone with both ends cut off), with the base directed laterally

Biomechanics Exam 1 (12 decks)

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