Ankle

Question 1

type of joint

Answer 1

hinge

uniaxial, triplanar

Question 2

ankle joint has how many degrees of freedom

Answer 2

1

Question 3

what are the osseous structures of the ankle joint

Answer 3

Lateral surface of the medial malleolus
Medial surface of the lateral malleolus
Tibial plafond
Trochlear surface of the talus

Question 4

what are the 3 articulations of the ankle joint?

Answer 4

Talotibial
Talofibular
Tibiofibular

Question 5

ankel joint is located — from sagittal plane

Answer 5

82

Question 6

ankle joint is located — from transverse plane

Answer 6

8

Question 7

ankle joint is located — from the frontal plane

Answer 7

20-30

Question 8

clinically, how can the ankle joint axis be located

Answer 8

by finding the distal tips of the malleoli

Question 9

clinically, where does the ankle joint pass through

Answer 9

passes laterally, posterior and plantar to medial, anterior and dorsal

Question 10

what type of motion does the ankle joint provide

Answer 10

pronation

supination

Question 11

why does the instantaneous axis of rotation move very little

Answer 11

b/c the articular surfaces are greater than 90% congruent. As a result, the ankle joint comes very close to having true hinge-like motion

Question 12

small amount of anterior and posterior rotation of the fibula during dorsiflexion and plantarflexion due to

Answer 12

large fibular facet

small tibial facet

Question 13

clinically, how can the ankle joint axis be located

Answer 13

by finding the distal tips of the malleoli

Question 14

what type of motion does the ankle joint provide

Answer 14

pronation

supination

Question 15

primary motion of the ankle joint occurs in what plane

Answer 15

sagittal

Question 16

ankle joint stability is due to what

Answer 16

1. stable joint due to the tight fit of the talus into the ankle mortise
2. interosseous membrane and interosseous ligaments prevent separation of tibia and fibula

Question 17

what position is the ankle joint more stable in (dorsiflexed or plantarflexed)

Answer 17

dorsiflexed position

talus is wider anteriorly (tighter fit)

Question 18

what are 3 sagittal plane restraints provided by muscles?

Answer 18

Dorsiflexion is limited by the Achilles tendon
Plantarflexion is limited by the anterior leg muscles
If these muscle restraints are not intact, the limitation may be bony and arthritic changes are likely to develop

Question 19

the trochlear surface of the talus has a —fibular facet and a —tibial facet

Answer 19

larger

smaller

Question 20

small amount of anterior and posterior rotation of the fibula during dorsiflexion and plantarflexion due to

Answer 20

large fibular facet

small tibial facet

Question 21

b/c of the large weight-bearing surface of the talus, the load:area (stress ratio) is —-

Answer 21

less

Question 22

in static stance w/o muscle effort, each ankle bears —of the body weight

Answer 22

1/2

Question 23

fibula bears —weight according to some textbooks

Answer 23

1/6

Question 24

during gait, maximum load occurs at

Answer 24

heel lift (beginning of propulsive phase or near the beginning of terminal stance)

Question 25

at heel lift, the ankle bears --- body weight

Answer 25

5X

Question 26

the greatest amount of dorsiflexion required during gait occurs when

Answer 26

at or near heel lift | this dorsiflexion occurs passively as the momentum carries the tibia over the foot

Question 27

what is the normal ankle joint ROM

Answer 27

10 degrees dorsiflexion w/ knee extended greater than 10 degrees dorsiflexion with knee flexed plantarflexion should be >20 degrees

Question 28

ankle joint ROM is measured while the subtalar joint is in ---- position

Answer 28

neutral

Question 29

if the subtalar joint is allowed to pronate what will happened to the ankle joint ROM

Answer 29

will be an increase in dorsiflexion as a result of dorsiflexion at the midtarsal joint axis

Question 30

during gait, maximum load occurs at

Answer 30

heel lift (beginning of propulsive phase or near the beginning of terminal stance)

Question 31

at heel lift, the ankle bears --- body weight

Answer 31

5X

Question 32

the greatest amount of dorsiflexion required during gait occurs when

Answer 32

at or near heel lift | this dorsiflexion occurs passively as the momentum carries the tibia over the foot

Question 33

ankle joint ROM is measured while the subtalar joint is in ---- position

Answer 33

neutral

Question 34

if the subtalar joint is allowed to pronate what will happened to the ankle joint ROM

Answer 34

will be an increase in dorsiflexion as a result of dorsiflexion at the midtarsal joint axis

Question 35

inversion and eversion are resisted by

Answer 35

ligaments | stable bony architecture

Question 36

are lateral and medial ankle ligaments weaker

Answer 36

lateral ankle ligaments | are the first to go with an inversion injury of > 10 degrees

Question 37

what factors resist ankle joint dorsiflexion?

Answer 37

1. the position of the knee - the gastrocnemius crosses both the knee and the ankle joints. If it is tight, knee extension will increase its tension and may limit ankle joint dorsiflexion. When the knee is flexed, the tension on the gastroc is released and dorsiflexion may improve 2. osseous structures 3. tight intrinsic muscles of the foot or tight plantar fascia

Question 38

provide an example of osseous structures of the ankle joint that may limit motion

Answer 38

an exostosis at the dorsal aspect of the talus or the anterior aspect of the distal tibia so that bony impingements results when the ankle joint is dorsiflexed

Question 39

trochlear surface of the talus is ---shaped

Answer 39

wedged shaped | aka truncated cone (a cone with both ends cut off), with the base directed laterally